Lignin analytical determination

Soluble and insoluble lignin were determined with the NREL standard biomass analytical methods for the analysis of acid-insoluble and acid-soluble lignin inbiomass, LAP-003 and LAP-004, respectively (13-14). NREL s laboratory analytical procedure for the determination of carbohydrates in biomass, LAP-002, without correction for hydrolysis losses was performed to determine the sugar content (15). 

Muller M (1980) Beitrag zum Einsatz der Curie Punkt-Pyrolyse Massenspektrometrie in der Analytik von Naturstoffen Dissertation ETH 6743, Zurich Obst JR (1983) Analytical pyrolysis of hardwood and softwood lignins and its use in lignin type determination of hardwood vessel elements J Wood Sci Technol 3 377-397 Pouwels AD, Boon JJ (1987) Analysis of lignin and chlorohgntn residues in a beech xylan fraction by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry J Wood Sci Technol 7 197— 213... 

The carbohydrate composition and lignin were determined using the NREL laboratory analytical procedures (http //wwwl.energy.gov/biomass/analytical procedures.html). The moisture content of the bagasse samples was determined using a moisture analyzer (Computrac MAX 1000, Arizona Instrument Corporation, Tempe, AZ, USA). 

It was found that the coefficients of translational diffusion and sedimentation coefficients for lignins are independent of concentration in the concentration range involved in analytical determinations [44, 47],... 

In an attempt to delineate the degree of preservation of lignin in pre-Tertiary coal, we examined numerous coalified wood samples ranging in age from Carboniferous to Cretaceous. The samples were initially screened by solid-state l C nuclear magnetic resonance to detect the possible presence of methoxyl carbon. Once such carbons were detected, the samples were subjected to analytical pyrolysis to determine the relative yields of methoxyphenols which would provide an indication of the state of preservation of the lignin-derived structu units. We report here on the identification of lignin-derived methoxyphenols in the coalified wood samples selected for analytical pyrolysis. 

Van Soest, P.J. and Wine, R.H. (1968) Determination of lignin and cellulose in ADF with permanganate. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 5M4), 780-785. 

Fukushima, R. S., and Hatfield, R. D., 2004, Comparison of the acetylbromide spectrophotometric method with other analytical lignin methods for the determination of lignin concentration in forage samples, J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 3713-3720. 

Templeton, D. and Ehrman, T. (1995), Determination of acid-insoluble lignin in biomass, in Laboratory Analytic Procedure LAP-003, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. 

In organizing the subject matter for this chapter, it was found expedient to divide the presentation into two main subsections, one dealing with the analytical methods applicable to lignin when initially present as a component of a solid mixture and the other focusing on the determination of lignin in solution. 

Berzins V (1965) A rapid procedure for the determination of kappa number Tappi 48 15-20 Berzins V (1966) Micro-kappa numbers Pulp Pap Mag Can 67 T206-T208 Bethge PO, Gran G, Ohlsson K-E (1952) Determination of lignin in chemical wood pulp I Principles and methods Sven Papperstidn 55 44-48 Bihkova A (1973) Verification of analytical methods for the determination of lignin in water Vodm Hospod 23(2) 44, Abstr Bull Inst Pap Chem 48 1245 Birkett MD, Gambino MJT (1989) Estimation of pulp kappa number with near-infrared spectroscopy Tappi J 72(9) 193-197... 

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