Product development light-scattering instrumentation

VCD instruments, based also on the principles depicted in Figure 13, are in comparison to the ECD instruments, relatively new products on the market. Thus, there have been further developments. Two of them should be mentioned, namely, the use of the Fourier transform technology and the use of a second PEM with and without a second polarizing element. This dual polarization modulation (DPM) method increases the quality of the VCD spectra. Also, the Raman spectrometers for ROA, with which the difference of scattered left and right circularly polarized Raman light is measured, have been developed to a standard that allows systematic chiroptical analyses, nowadays. 

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