Light organ

Air separation Jig separation Pneumatic separation (stoners) Used to separate light (organic) materials from heavy (inorganic) materials in solid waste Used to separate light and heavy materials in solid waste hy means of density separation Used to separate light and heavy materials in solid waste Zig-zag-air, vihrating-air, rotary-air, and air-knife classifiers used with processed wastes shaldng-tahle ... 

Values include dirt factors of 0.003 and allowable pressure drops at 5—10 psi on the controlling steam. DOWTHERM fluid would be included as light organic. (Kern. Process Heat Transfer, 1 Ed., p. 840 1950.)... 

Light organics volatilized from exempt wastes in reserve pits, impoundments, or production equipment... 

Distribution of luminous bacteria. Luminous bacteria are widely distributed in the marine environment, and have been isolated from various sources, including seawater, the light organs and various other parts of marine luminous organisms, sometimes even from nonmarine sources as well. There are several major groups of luminous bacteria... 

Fig. 4.1.16 Luminescence spectrum of aequorin triggered by Ca2+ (solid line /.max 465 nm), and the fluorescence spectra of Aequorea GFP excitation (dashed line A.max 400 nm and 477 nm) and emission (dash-dot line 7max 509 nm). The dotted line is the fluorescence excitation spectrum of GFP in the light organs, showing that 480 nm excitation peak is almost missing — an evidence showing that GFP in light organs exists in an aggregated form having a very low E value at 480 nm.

Purification of Pholas luciferase (Michelson, 1978). Acetone powder of the light organs is extracted with 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, and the luciferase extracted is chromatographed on a column of DEAE Sephadex A-50 (elution by NaCl gradient from 0.1 M to 0.6 M). Two peaks of proteins are eluted, first luciferase, followed by a stable complex of luciferase and inactivated pholasin. The fractions of each peak are combined, and centrifuged in 40% cesium chloride... 

Involvement of ATP in the luminescence. Tsuji (1985) found that homogenate of the light organs of W. scintillans emits light when ATP is added in the presence of Mg2+. The luminescence reaction has a sharp pH optimum at 8.8 (Fig. 6.3.3), and the luminescence spectrum shows a peak at 470 nm (Fig. 6.3.4). The luminescence reaction... 

Fig. 6.3.3 Relationship between pH and the initial light intensity in the ATP-stimulated luminescence of the homogenate of Watasenia arm light organs in the presence of 1.5 mM ATP and 0.3 mM MgCl2 (Tsuji, 1985).

Fig. 6.3.4 Luminescence spectrum of the Watasenia bioluminescence reaction measured with a crude extract of light organs that contain particulate matters, in chilled 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.26, containing 1.5 mM ATP. From Tsuji, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.

Fig. 6.3.6 Effects of salt concentration (left panel) and pH (right panel) on the initial light intensity emitted from the homogenate of the Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis light organ. The salt effect was tested in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2, and the pH effect in the various buffers containing 0.5MKC1 or NaCl. From Tsuji and Leisman, 1981.

Fig. 6.3.11 Chromatography of an extract of the eye light organs of Symplecto-teuthis luminosa on a column of Superdex 200 Prep (1x27.5 cm) in 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, containing 0.6 M NaCl, at 0°C (monitored at 280 nm). Each fraction (0.5 ml) is measured for the initial intensity of H202/catalase-triggered luminescence and the content of dehydrocoelenterazine measured as coelenterazine after NaBH4-reduction 1LU = 6 x 108 photons.

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