Ligand Pd

Both the solvent and ligand were found to play pivotal roles in the reaction. In dioxane the byproduct formation was minimized while acceptable rates and yields were retained. In these studies it was also shown that both n-Bu3P and Ph3P are efficient ligands for the hydrogenolysis, but it is important that the ligand Pd(0) ratio be kept below 1 [158]. 

Entry Ligand Pd source ZnCl2 Equiv % Yield (% ee)... 

Bulky dialkylphosphines (HPR2, where R /-butyl, cyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-norbornyl, and the like) were used together with simple CO- and CN-palladacycles for cross-coupling of unactivated chloroarenes with arylboronic ligands (Pd L=1.5, K3PO4, dioxane, reflux),413 thus apparently having a similar activity as trialkylphopshines. 

Entry Ligand Pd source Sovent Time (h) Yield (%) Ee (%)... 

Scheme 4.1 The Pd(II) complexes containing acyl-hydrazone ligands, Pd(PNO)X.

Scheme 4.5 The Pd(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone or thiobenzoylhydrazone ligands, Pd(NN S)CI.

Ivabradine Ivabradine has an active metabolite S-18982. Both ivabradine and S-18982 possess bradycardic activity, although the extent of the activity of both could not be determined from the data available. A multiple ligand PD model provided the best fit to the data. The model was assessed in terms of its posterior predictive performance and was able to describe the original data adequately when used for simulation purposes... 

In the presence of triphenylphosphine as ligand, the main product is the monoether (45-60%) together with low amounts of ditelomers (<25%) and products issued from the dimerization of butadiene itself (vinylcyclohexene VCH and octatriene OCT). Both mono and ditelomers are formed as a 90 10 nfixture of the linear and branched products. However, it is essential to optimize the ratio ligand/Pd from 1 to 4 to carry out the reaction (Table 1). Indeed, large excess of ligand (L/Pd = 8) or ligand defect (L/Pd = 0.25) provokes a lack of activity,... 

A number of clusters have been prepared from [Pd3(OAc)6] as indicated in Scheme 11.116,1 The structural determination of (24) (R = Bun) has been carried out. The molecule consists of a Pd6 octahedron with four Pd atoms unsymmetrically centred on non-adjacent faces (Pdort— Pdcapped 2.709 A Pd,, —Pd 2.825 A PdapicaI—Pdcapped 3.300-3.422 A). The Pd, cluster (25) is tetrahedral with symmetrically bridging CO ligands (Pd—Pd 2.778-2.817 A). 

Reactions run with 1 mmol of aryl halide in 1-2 mL of toluene at room temperature. Pd(dba)2 used in combination with 0.8 equiv of ligand/Pd. 

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