Ligand gold clusters

The ligand exchange approach was first developed by Hutchison and coworkers in the preparation of al-kanethiolate-protected gold clusters [6]. 

Tominaga,T. et al.. Tracer diffusion of a ligand stabilized two shell gold cluster, Chem. Lett, 1033,1996. 

Shibu ES, Muhammed MAH, Tsukuda T, Pradeep T (2008) Ligand exchange of Au25SG18 leading to functionalized gold clusters spectroscopy, kinetics, and luminescence. J Phys Chem C 112 12168-12176... 

Walter M, Akola J, Lopez-Acevedo O, Jadzinsky PD, Calero G, Ackerson CJ, Whetten RL, Gronbeck H, Hakkinen H (2008) A unified view of ligand-protected gold clusters as superatom complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 9157-9162... 

Aujs cluster surrounded by non-conducting ligands do resemble bare gold clusters of the same size. 

Reactions of gold clusters with other ligands or metal complexes. These types of reactions can progress with or without change in the metal skeleton and in the latter with an increase or decrease in nuclearity (Equations 1.4 and 1.5) [44, 45] ... 

Although most of the structurally characterized gold clusters are phosphine-based systems, in recent years some studies have focused on the synthesis of gold clusters with other stabilizers coexisting with phosphines such as thiols, arsines and boranes. Certain heteroleptic gold clusters stabilized with these ligands and arylphosphines in the same molecule have been structurally characterized. 

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