Lifetime detection methods microscope

Implementation of time domain FLIM methods is comparatively straightforward in laser scanning microscopes (LSMs). Here, pointscanning is used so that single channel lifetime detection suffices. In principle, standard fluorescence lifetime detection equipment developed for spectroscopy can be used in combination with point-scanning systems and a pulsed laser. 

A broad overview of traditional methods and recent developments in experimental positron spectroscopy is presented. A discussion of the generation and detection of positrons and their annihilation radiation is followed by a survey of techniques used for positron lifetime measurement, Doppler broadening spectroscopy and angular correlation of annihilation radiation, and the opportunities presented by combining these methods (e.g. in age-momentum correlation) and/or extending their capabilities by the use of monoenergetic positron beams. Novel spectroscopic and microscopic techniques using positron beams are also described. 

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) system was also employed to measure fluorescence decays without the microscope. Then, the fluorescence decay and the fluorescence lifetime were obtained precisely with the microchannel-plate photomultiplier (MCP-PM) as detection. The time resolution of the lifetime was determined, using a convolution method, to be 10ps. 

---