Biomass lichens

Lichen biomass from Parmelina and Cladonia genera have resulted good biosorbents of Pb(II), Cr(III), and Ni(II) ions. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models... 

Spectroscopic investigations of the speciation of solid phases encountered as trapped particulate material in lichen biomass. Particular emphasis should be placed on understanding the dissolution of trapped particles and the precipitation of secondary solid phases on or within the thallus and their relationship with organic phases in the lichen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in parallel with microscopy studies would be particularly useful in such investigations. 

Kojola, I., Helle, T., Niskanen, M., AiMo, P. (1995). Effects of lichen biomass on winter diet, body mass and reproduction of semi-domesticated reindeer Rangifer t. tarandus in Finland. Wildlife Biology, 1, 33-38. 

The biomass of Tundra ecosystems gradually increases from 4-7 ton/ha for moss-lichen tundra to 28-29 ton/ha by dry weight for low-bush tundra. In the northern tundra, the plant biomass and dead organic matter are eventually shared. Southwards this percentage tends to diminish, and low-bush living biomass is smaller than dead plant remains mass. A typical feature of the Tundra ecosystems plant species is the prevalence of underground matter (roots) up to 70-80% of the total biomass. 

Organohalogens are present in many terrestrial environments sediments, soils, plants, fungi, lichen, volcanoes, biomass combustion, bacteria, insects, and higher organisms. The high concentration and dispersal of chloride in minerals, soils,... 

Comprehensive studies of metal adsorption by lichens and fungi as a function of pH, ionic strength and solute biomass concentration, using lichens of different growth form, taxonomic affinity and character of organic acid production. 

Bormann et al. (1998) attempted to determine whether rates of weathering of primary minerals were being underestimated due to failure to include weathering products accumulating in the biomass and in soil. They compared two sandbox ecosystems (large monitored lysimeters) at Hubbard Brook, NH, one with red pine and the other relatively nonvegetated (containing sporadic lichens and mosses). 

The first example of this kind was the bananatrode, a CPE modified with banana tissue [170] containing phenol oxidase as a catalyst for the oxidation of dopamine (DOP, a neurotransmitter), followed by a similar construction some years later [171]. Another representative is a CP-biosensor with admixed yeast containing alcohol dehydrogenase that facilitates the determination of ethanol [172]. Some biomasses such as algae, lichens, or mosses then show quite a high affinity to some heavy and precious metals with the correspondingly modified electrodes (see [4, 5,33] and references therein). 

Bioadsorption can be described as the removal of substances from solution by biomass materials. The biomass materials that have been investigated in bioadsorption studies come under the following categories bacteria, fungi, algae, yeast, waste materials of the food and agricultural industry, lichens and other polysaccharides. 

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