Lewis, Gilbert Newton Molecules

Lewis, Gilbert Newton. 1923. Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules. New York Chemical Catalog. 

The atoms of these molecules are held tightly together by a very important source of bond, the shar ed-electron-pair bond or covalent bond. This bond is so important, so nearly universally present in sub-stamies that Professor Gilbert Newton Lewis of the University of Cali-... 

In 1916 the formula with shared-electron-pair bonds was proposed by the American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis. The large dielectric constant of water was interpreted as showing that the water molecule is not linear, but is bent, with the angle between the two bonds estimated as approximately 110°. 

FIGURE 2.2 The caricature of Gilbert Newton Lewis pointing to the CI2 molecule with an electron pair between the atoms (the caricature is reproduced with kind permission from its artist, the historian W. B. Jensen). Note that the Lewis representation for the bond, C1 C1, is different than the one we use, Cl-Cl. His C1 C1 representation tells precisely that the bond is made from an electron pair. But this representation is less convenient for large molecules. Just imagine having to dot 100 different bonds... Therefore, the line binding the two atoms replaced this electron dot representation. 

J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1916, xxxviii, 762 Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules, New York, 1923 y. Chem. Phys., 1933, i, 17. Gilbert Newton Lewis (Weymouth, nr. Boston, Mass., 23 October 1875-Berkeley, California, 24 March 1946), pupil of T. W. Richards, was instructor in Harvard (1901-6), assistant professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bostoix (1907-8), assistant professor (1908-11) and professor (1912) in the University of California, Berkeley. He was distinguished in many branches of theoretical and experimental physical chemistry, especially in thermodynamics and electrochemistry, and also in mathematics Hildebrand, Ohit. Not. F.R.S., 1945-8, v, 491 (b. 25 Oct.) Poggendorff, (i), v, 738. 

Activity. The notion of activity has been introduced by Gilbert Newton Lewis in 1907 and described in the following way Activity in chemistry is a measure of how different molecules in a non-ideal gas or solution interact with each other. Its definition proceeds from the relationship between effort and activity through the exponential or logarithmic function, as given in Equation 7.15. 

The concept of the electron-pair bond was formulated in a stroke of genius by Gilbert Newton Lewis in his famous 1916 JACS article, The Atom and the Molecule [20], in which he introduced the concept of the electron-pair bond as an intrinsic property that stretches between the covalent and ionic situations. This... 

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