Leucoanthocyanidin reductase gene

Bogs J, Downey MO, Harvey JS, Ashton AR, Tanner GJ, Robinson SP. 2005 Proanthocyanidin synthesis and expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase in developing grape berries and grapevine leaves. Plant Physiol 139 652-663. 

Paolocci F, Robbins MP, Madeo L, Arcioni S, Martens S, Damiani F. 2007. Ectopic expression of a basic helix-loop-helix gene transactivates parallel pathways of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Structure, expression, analysis, and genetic control of leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase genes in Lotus corniculatus. Plant Physiol 143 504-516. 

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs). DFRs catalyze the stereospecific reduction of (2R,3R)-dihydrofla-vonols to (2R,3R,45)-leucoanthocyanidins [77] (Fig. 5). Petunia possesses three different DFR genes (dfrA-C), but only dfrA is transcribed in floral tissues. DFR-A does not accept dihy-drokaempferol, the precursor for the synthesis of pelar-gonidin-type anthocyanins. Consequently, no orange-colored petunia flowers are foimd in nature [89]. Dihydroquercetin and (hhydramyrice-tin are also substrates for DFRs and provide leu-cocyanidin and leucodelphinidin, respectively. 

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