Leibniz, Gottfried

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von. Monadology. In Philosophical Works of Leibniz, trans. G. Martin Duncan. New Haven Tuttle, Morehouse, Taylor, 1890. 

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. 1686. Discourse on Metaphysics. In Carl Immanuel Gerhardt ed., Leibniz Diephilosophische Schriften (7 vols.). Hildesheim G. Dims (First published in Berlin, 1875-1990). vol. 4, pp. 427-463. 

Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (1646—1716) Ger. math., showed the lost of motion after collision called vis viva (similarly to vis... 

In his scientific life, his behavior and demeanor were far different. Newton was hostile to any criticism and he was capable of ruthless behavior. The priority dispute with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over the invention of the calculus is a case in point. In his capacity as President of the Royal Society, Newton appointed a committee of loyal Newtonians to investigate the matter. He then authored the committee s report, the infamous Comrnercium Epistolicmn and submitted it as though it were an utterly impartial report in his own favor. 

His periodic system did not meet with universal approval. This comes as no great surprise today, such revolutionary ideas would be termed a "paradigm shift". Since the time of Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, scientists had been to formulating scientific laws in eguations. After all, had James Clerk Maxwell in a stroke of genius not very convincingly demonstrated the... 

Most authorities agree that the original discoverer of elemental phosphorus was tire seventeenth-century alchemist and physician Hennig (or Henning) Brand of Hamburg. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-... 

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646-1716 German mathematician, philosopher, historian, and scientist. Independent discoverer of the differential calculus He was personally acquainted widi Brand and Krafft, and wrote a detailed account of the discovery of phosphorus, including biographical sketches of Brand, Krafft, Kunckel, and Becher. 

Newton is recognized as the co-inventor of calculus. Both Newton and Gottfried Leibniz discovered calculus at the same time, and independently,... 

Newton is not the undisputed inventor of calculus. Gottfried Leibniz independently and nearly simultaneously developed calculus in the seventeenth century. 

Financial support by the DFG (SFB 334 and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Programm) and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie is gratefully acknowledged. 

As Archimedes work was unknown until the twentieth century, others developed the modem mathematical concept of limits. Englishman Sir Issac N vton and German Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz independently developed the general principles of calculus (of which the theory of limits is an important part) in the seventeenth century. 

About five years ago, Michael Guillen of Harvard wrote a book entitled Five Equations That Changed the World The Power and Poetry of Mathematics. He pointed out that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the German mathematician who independently invented calculus (besides Isaac Newton), published the first article on that discovery in 1684. Guillen writes, The article did not elicit immediate response because very few people in the world could comprehend it. The author [Leibniz], with characteristic arrogance, had not tried very hard to explain his discovery [calculus], presumably because he wanted to remind people of how much smarter he was than they. An attitude like that is inappropriate for our book series. 

John Freind, Praelectiones chymicae (Oxford, 1709) [Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz], Acta eruditorum, 1710, 412-16. 

So much for this precise description. Shortly after his discovery of phosphorus in 1669, the alchemist Hemiig Brand himself, the person most intimately acquainted with the material, still handled the new substance quite carelessly, After all, a lethal oral dose of white phosphorus amounts to only 50 mg. At iliar time apparently neither the substance s toxicity nor its extreme tendency toward self-combustion was recognized. Brand hiuiseJf came to experience both phenomena. In a letter to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on April 30, 1679, he wrote ... 

That may be going too far. Hoffmann really liked mechanical descriptions and made no attempt to disguise the fact. On the other hand, it is true that some natural philosophers, such as the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), considered souls and bodies to be closely related and had no trouble in thinking of this relationship as part of the mechanical structure of nature. Leibniz explained I believe that everything in fact happens... 

In 1703, Gottfried von Leibniz wrote Nature has established patterns originating in the return of events, but only for the most part. This is a key principle of the diagnostic process. It is probabilistic, that is, the patient s diagnosis is always uncertain, because no two patients are exacdy the same, and what happens to a specific patient may not be the same as what happened to all the patients treated for the same disease. Actions must be definite even in the presence of uncertainty. 

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