Left-ventricular assist systems

Kormos, R.L., Armitage, J.M., Borovetz, H.S., et al (1990) Univentricular support with the Novocor left ventricular assist system as a bridge to cardiac transplantation An update in Cardiovascular Science and Technology Basic and Applied II, JC Norman (Ed), Oxymoron Press, Boston, MA, pp. 322-324. 

A 46-year-old man developed cardiogenic shock and was treated with a biventricular assist device. His serum cibenzoline concentration was extremely high, at 6.4 mg/1. As the cibenzoline concentration dropped, his cardiac function gradually recovered and he was weaned from the right ventricular assist system after pulmonary vein isolation ablation for atrial tachycardia on postoperative day 17, and from the left ventricular assist system on day 33. 

Butler, K., Thomas, D., Antaki, J. et al. 1997. Development of the Nimbus/Pittsburgh axial flow left ventricular assist system. Artif Organs 21 602-10. 

Griffith, B. R, Kormos, R. L., Borovetz, H. S. et al. 2001. HeartMate II left ventricular assist system From concept to first clinical use. Ann Thorac Surgll S116-20 discussion S114-6. 

Zhou L, Armstrong G.P, Medvedev A.L., Smith W.A., Golding L.A., and Thomas J.D. 1999. Numeric modeling of the cardiovascular system with a left ventricular assist device. ASAIO J. 45 83-89. 

Thus far, batteries for general medical applications have been described. Now low-power batteries for specialized medical fields and special medical applications will be described with a particular emphasis on cardiac rhythm management (CRM) systems [7]. Studies performed by medical experts reveal that three distinct types of devices are capable of treating cardiac diseases pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and left-ventricular assist devices [7]. Batteries also have been developed to meet the power requirements of an artificial heart. 

Several systems are now available for circulation support. Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are mechanical pumps that can take over the circulatory function of the left ventricle (LVAD), the right ventricle (RVAD) or both ventricles (biventricular assist device - BVAD). The patient s native heart remains in place, and the VADs are implanted in a heterotopic position. Connection between the heart chambers and the great vessds is usually achieved... 

---