Leclanche’s cells

Georges-Lionel Leclanche developed the first prototype of the modem dry cell, Leclanche s cell, in 1866. The cell was designed with the purpose of providing a reliable and easily maintainable power source for telegraphic offices [1]. The original cell was assembled in a porous pot that worked as the separator [8]. The positive electrode consisted of manganese dioxide with a little mix of carbon, the negative... 

Leclanche s cells have been around for more than 100 years. They are also known as zinc/carbon cells or dry cells. They use a chemically produced manganese dioxide cathode (positive electrode), a zinc (foil or sheet) anode (negative electrode), and an aqueous electrolyte. Typical electrolyte mixtures include ammonium chloride and zinc chloride dissolved in water. The electrodes are separated by a cereal paste wet with electrolyte or a starch or polymer-coated absorbent kraft paper. The reactions... 

Leclanche s cells are produced in cylindrical and flat (prismatic) designs in different sizes. Their energy density at 20 °C is very low (65 Wh kg-1 for the cylindrical size, see Table 2) compared to the other primary battery technologies. Fiowever, they are the cheapest batteries available in the market (see Table 2). Their nominal voltage is 1.5 V, which is comparable with other battery technologies (see Table 2). 

Alkaline manganese dioxide batteries have been around since 1959. They are usually known as alkaline batteries. They are a variation of Leclanche s cells. They use an electrolyte produced manganese dioxide as cathode (to improve its purity and increase the capacity of the cell), powdered zinc as anode (to provide a larger surface area for the reaction), and a highly... 

Carbon-Zinc Batteries, Fig. 1 George Leclanche s cell [1]... 

---