Lecithins economics

Rapeseed -extraction using SCFs [SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS] (Vol 23) -fatty acid source [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMIC ASPECTS] (Vol 5) -lecithin m [LECITHIN] (Vol 15)... 

Lecithin can be fractionated from cottonseed as phospholipids and glycolipids. Cottonseed lecithin shows flavor and color deterioration when blended with other vegetable oils. The saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of cottonseed phospholipids is approximately 1 2 (39). Palmitic acid constitutes 90% of the total saturated fatty acids (36%), and linoleic acid is approximately 80% of the total unsaturated fatty acids (64%). Gossypol binds to lecithin during oil extraction from glanded cottonseed (approximately 9% in cmde phospholipids). This economically negates its... 

The recent U.S. patent by Koseoglu et al. (34) illustrates a process for refining and degumming of oils by ultrafiltration that significantly improves the quality of the processed oils and lecithin products and is more economical and environmentally suitable than other known methods. The process includes the steps of... 

This value seems rather high. For economical extractions the pressure should be reduced to an optimum value. This can be done by adding entrainers. As an example the pressure for extracting lecithin from soya oil can be reduced from 350 bar with CX>2 to 80 bar by using propane as an entrainer (2). Supercritical extraction should not be restricted to CX>2 as solvent Some separation problems, e.g. the glyceride separation cannot be solved economically with CD2 as a pure extractant Therefore the plant was designed also for other solvents and for the use of entrainers. Design characteristics are ... 

Processes and products developed to produce industrial materials from renewable resources have been too numerous to record here. For competitive reasons — supply of raw materials and technical and economic considerations — some of the products have varied widely in industrial use. Major U.S. industrial consumption of renewable resources have recently included oils and fats (animal and vegetable) industrial alcohol (wheat, corn, grain sorghum) fibers (cotton lint, flax, hides and skins) paper (forest products) isolated proteins (milk casein, animal glues, soybean, corn) turpentine and rosin (naval stores) and other chemicals (monosodiiim glutamate--wheat starch and dextrin—corn lactose—milk molasses and pulp residues --sugarcane and beet tannin lecithin pectin furfural). 

Consider also more highly purified lecithin and other purified forms of phospholipid concentrates from oilseeds. Isolating a more purified form of lecithin using SC-CO2 may increase the price dramatically when compared to a lower quality product. Nutraceutical-grade phospholipids (i.e., concentrated phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylserine) concentrated using SC-CO2 may conunand prices of US 1500/ lb in certain markets. Such economic incentives could easily justify investment of the SC-CO2 plant and equipment. 

All major cottonseed phospholipids [83] are present in the cottonseed lecithins phosphatidylinositol (13.4 wt% total phosphorus), phosphatidylserine (2.4 wt%), phosphatidic acid (8.8 wt%), phosphatidylcholine (23.2 wt%), and phos-phatidylethanolamine (13.5 wt%). Because cottonseed oil and lecithin have only trace amounts of fatty acids with more than two double bonds (Unolenic acid), they are stable to oxidation and rancidity. Other sources of phospholipids (e.g., soybeans) contain linolenic acid in amounts that can affect flavor, color, and odor. With the potential for increasing revenues, decreasing waste disposal costs, and reducing emulsion problems, glandless cottonseed oil and lecithin products become economically attractive. 

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