Lead titanate PbTiO

Lattice dynamics in bulk perovskite oxide ferroelectrics has been investigated for several decades using neutron scattering [71-77], far infrared spectroscopy [78-83], and Raman scattering. Raman spectroscopy is one of the most powerful analytical techniques for studying the lattice vibrations and other elementary excitations in solids providing important information about the stmcture, composition, strain, defects, and phase transitions. This technique was successfully applied to many ferroelectric materials, such as bulk perovskite oxides barium titanate (BaTiOs), strontium titanate (SrTiOs), lead titanate (PbTiOs) [84-88], and others. 

Solid solutions between lead zirconate (PbZrOs) and lead titanate (PbTiOs) are known by the acronym PZT and are the most widely used of all piezoelectric ceramics. 

Lead titanate PbTiOs. A yellow buff-colored pigment, which possesses good resistance to weather and chalking. Pale yellow solid insoluble in water. Its Sp gr is 7.52. Derivation interaction of oxides of lead and titanium at a high temperature. Contains lead sulfate and lead oxide as impurities. 

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate (BaTiOs), lead titanate (PbTiOs), potassium niobate (KNbOa), lithium niobate (LiNbOs), lithium titanate (LiTaOs), sodium tungstate (Na2W03) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are some of the most typical piezoceramics. Of these, PZT is the most widely used due to its superior performance. However, the toxicity of lead has raised concerns over the use of PZT. A restriction on the amount of lead present has been placed and is focused at eliminating its use eventually. Nevertheless, PZT has no rival at present. 

Powders from Alkoxides and Salts. Two solutions were prepared individually for the synthesis of lead titanate (PbTiOs) particles by Tartaj et al. (2001) (i) titanium tetra-butoxide in 2-propanol, and (ii) lead acetate in glacial acetic acid. The solutions were mixed under stirring, and a water-2-propanol mixture added to this for the initiation of hydrolysis. As in some other cases, crystalline seeds of the target compound, suspended in 2-propanol, were added (10 wt%) to the transparent sol already obtained. The gels obtained through this process were dried and ground to small particles and calcined at 400°C for 20 h for use in the preparation of sintered bodies. X-ray diffractometry of the calcined sample showed it to be fully crystallized to phase-pure PbTiOs, while an unseeded sample did not crystallize under the same conditions. 

Lead titanate (PbTiOs, PT) is a significant component material in electronics such as capacitors, ultrasonic transducers, thermistors, and optoelectronics. It is also a promising material for pyroelectric infrared detector applications because of its large pyroelectric coefficient and relatively low permittivity [88]. 

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