Lead styphnate properties

Property Mercury fiihninate Lead azide Silver azide Normal lead styphnate DDNP Tetrazene... 

Property Lead styphnate Lead sulfate3 Lead sulfide3 Tetraethyl lead3... 

According to T. Urbanski and Kruszynska [41] thallium styphnate has similar properties to those of lead styphnate. The former, however, is much more sensitive to impact than the latter. Their sensitiveness to temperature is similar contact with a metal surface heated to 351°C causes explosion after 1 sec. The activation -energy of thermal decomposition is nearly 80 kcal/mole. 

W.R. Tomlinson, Jr O.E. Sheffield, "Properties of Explosives of Military Interest , AMCP 706-177 (March 1967), 193-96 (Lead Styphnate) 21) Urbans ki 3 (1967), 213-20 (Lead Styphnates) 22) US Specification JAN-L-757A (Sept 1967) and Amendment 1 (Sept 1968) (Lead Styphnate, Normal)... 

Table 2.4 Properties of lead styphnate (lead 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinate)...

While the environmental impact of cadmium azide in deep oil deposits is relatively low, the long-term use of Pb(N3)2 and lead styphnate in military training grounds has resulted in considerable lead contamination (see Ch. 1.2.3, see Fig. 1.17). On demand lead azide (ODLA) is available from the reaction of lead acetate and sodium azide. The recently introduced iron and copper complexes of the type [Cat]2 [Mn(NT)4(H20)2] ([Cat]+ = NH4, Na+ M = Fe, Cu NT = 5-nitrotetra-zolate) as green primary explosives [3] are relatively easily obtained and show similar initiator properties as those of lead azide (Tab. 2.2). 

Tab. 2.2 Properties of lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS) in comparison to new green primary explosives.

Typical primary mixtures contain some of the following lead styphnate, tetrazene, aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicate, lead peroxide, boron, metals, barium nitrate, secondary explosive, binder, sensitizer, etc. (Fig. 1.3). Variations in the ingredients and their relative amounts result in compositions which possess sensitivity and ignition properties tailored to specific requirements. 

Lead picrate forms several basic salts with varying lead content. They form citric yellow crystals practically insoluble in water or alcohol. Its explosive properties are similar to those of lead styphnate but its flammability is lower [10]. Sensitivity to electrostatic discharge is high (at the level of LS) and is the reason for the many accidents which occurred during its manufacture [12]. Sensitivity to impact is 2.5 J (it explodes by 5 kg hammer from 5 cm) [13]. 

Lead styphnate is a weak primary explosive because of its high metal content (44.5%) and therefore is not used in the filling of detonators. It is used in ignition caps, and in the ASA (i.e. lead azide, lead styphnate and aluminium) mixtures for detonators. Some of its properties are shown in Table 2.4. 

The expl properties ofPb methoxy picrate are similar to those of n-Pb Styphnate Refs 1) Beil-not found 2) T. Richter, E. Sowinski M. Warman, Lead Salts of Trinitro Phenols. I. Preparation and Properties of Methoxy Picric Acid and Lead Methoxy Picrate , PATR 3344 (1966)... 

The influence of reaction conditions on properties, yield, and purity of LS was studied in detail by Stettbacher (LS was prepared by reaction of sodium styphnate and lead nitrate). His observations were summarized by Bagal as follows [33] ... 

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