Lead oxide test cell with

There was no accumulation of metals in either the anolyte or catholyte circuits when a spike of metals was fed with the M28 propellant to simulate particles from antiresonance rods. AEA attributes this success to the use of the catholyte-to-anolyte recycle and the anolyte purge operation. Lead, present in M28 propellant as lead stearate (approximately 0.5 weight percent), was oxidized to lead oxide (Pb02) and did not accumulate in solution. Lead oxide was found on the electrode surfaces and as a deposit in the bottom of the cell cavities (AEA, 2001d). A demonstration test successfully removed the lead oxide using an offline formic acid wash of the cell electrode cavities. This is the planned approach for removing accumulating lead oxide. No lead material balance was provided. 

Another study [40] examined the effect of adding lOg of natural graphite with a grain size of 520 pm to positive plates in 4.5-Ah VRLA cells. The active material was prepared by mixing 2kg of leady oxide and 0.8 g of polyester fibre with 150 ml of water and then 271ml of 1.200 rel. dens, sulfuric acid. The pastes were applied to lead-caldum tin grids, cured at 80°C for 72 h, and dried in air. The test cells, composed of one positive and two negative plates, were formed and then floated at a... 

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