Lead isotopes excitation energies

As was stated in Section II.A, the energy resolution of the radioactive sources used in conventional Mossbauer spectroscopy is typically 10 eV. This resolution is determined by the natural line width and the maximum energy range obtained by Doppler-shifting techniques. In the case of synchrotron radiation, the energy resolution, which is related to the time period following the excitation of the isotope, is superior to that in conventional Mossbauer spectroscopy. This period can be as short as 2.8 ps, which leads to an energy resolution of about 10 ° eV. However, the... 

All isotopes of the actinides and actinium are radioactive. Table II presents data on several of the most available and important of these. The unstable, radioactive actinide nuclei decay by emission of a particles, electrons, or positrons or decay, respectively). Alternatively to the emission of a positron, the unstable nucleus may capture an electron of the electron shell of the atom (symbol e). In most cases the radioactive decay leads to an excited state of the new nucleus, which gives off its excitation energy in the form of one or several photons (y rays). In some cases a metastable state results that decays independently of the way it was formed. Spontaneous fission (symbol sf) is another mode of radioactive decay, which was discovered in 1940 by G. N. Flerov and K. A. Petrzhak. 

When, in NRA, resonances are used, and the depth profile of an isotope A is obtained from the excitation curve N(Eq), the reaction depth x is given by the requirement that projectiles incident with energy Eq are slowed down to the resonance energy Fr at X, which leads to ... 

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