Lead-based electronic ceramics

Pure Zirconia. Pure, or unstabilized zirconia, has many uses despite the phase-transformation phenomenon described. Its density, 6.05 g/cm, makes it valuable as a grinding medium. Added to alumina or magnesia it promotes sinterability and enhances strength and other properties, as discussed above under Toughened alumina. It is an important constituent of ceramic colors, and a component of lead-zirconia-titanate-based electronic ceramic devices such as capacitors. But its uses increase dramatically as a result of a process known as stabilization, which is discussed in the following sections. 

After more than ten years of extensive experimental and theoretical studies of the phenomenon of the high Tc superconductivity (HTSC) [1], we still do not know a microscopic mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. Numerous theories of pairing, which lead to high Tc values, are based on models [2-9] and cannot connect a specific chemical composition of HTSC ceramics with the value of the transition temperature Tc. For creating a quantitative theory of the HTSC phenomenon further comparative studies of the electronic structure and their relative properties of SC and non-SC ceramics are needed. In this paper, we confine ourselves to calculations of the electronic structure of the SC yttrium ceramics. 

The other approach to increase the electronic conductivity of these perovskite-based membranes is to add a metal phase (10-40 vol%). The metal phases studied include palladium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and zirconium or their binary mixtures [69-72]. In order to nrmirtiize the stress at internal interfaces that can lead to the formation of dislocations and initiation of cracks, the ceramic support materials were chosen so as to be lattice matched to the metals and metal alloys [73]. 

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