Leaching of soils

Potassium nitrate, essential in the manufacture of black gun powder, was produced by the Chinese, who had developed gun powder by the tenth century AD. The process involved the leaching of soil in which nitrogen from urine had combined with mineral potassium. By the early 1800s, potassium nitrate had become a strategic military chemical and was stiU produced, primarily in India, by using the ancient Chinese method. The caUche deposits in Chile are the only natural source of potassium nitrate (2). These deposits are not a rich source of potassium nitrate, purifying only to about 14% as K O. 

Carbofuran 0.04 0.04 Problems with blood or nervous system reproductive difficulties. Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa... 

The soil was loose and contained abundant spores with more genera above 0.4 m (Table 4, Fig. 6), and became denser due to the abrupt increasing in clay concentration below 0.4 m of SL profile (Chen et al. 2002a), which restrained the penetration of spores with leaching of soil water. Consequently, the quantity of spores decreased with depth (Table 4) and the genus became monotonous (Fig. 6). The loose/stiff quality of soil is then a critical factor controlling the penetration of spores. 

DOM from the leaching of soils and vegetation in their catchments, fulvic acid is typically 45-65% of the DOM in wetlands fulvic acid is typically 80-90% of the DOM and in groundwaters and surface waters with mainly autochthonous microbial sources of DOM fulvic acid is typically 10-30% of the DOM (Thurman, 1985). 

Stone, D.M., A.R. Harris, and W.C. Koskinen (1993). Leaching of soil-active herbicides in acid, low base saturated sands Worst-case conditions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 12 399-404. 

Of the following phenomena, the one that eventually makes soil more basic is (a) removal of metal cations by roots, (b) leaching of soil with C02-saturated water, (c) oxidation of soil pyrite, (d) fertilization with (NH4)2S04, (e) fertilization with KNO3. 

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