Lazy phase

Hassler et al. [40, 41] observed that the stretched exponential behavior was related to the active phase of the enzyme (busy phase) while the less active phase (lazy phase) exhibited a single exponential phase (Fig. 4.20). The behavior which was originally observed by Edman et al. 1999 [39] at a much lower sensitivity had been observed again, however, with a much better intensity and time resolution. As can be seen from the trace, the turnover frequency is more than 4-fold higher in the busy periods. It is tempting to relate this to the memory effect decribed in the next chapter (Fig. 4.21). 

One way to rationalize and remember the rule is to think that "nature is lazy" and hence would like to accomplish a process with the least effort. Because ions and molecules in a liquid are more or less randomly distributed, one may guess that the phases with simple structure and with low degree of order (meaning ions and molecules do not have to be arranged in a specific way) tend to form more easily than the phases with complicated structure and high degree of order. This often means the formation of metastable phases such as opal. 

Phase identification was done on the basis of both d-spacing and the peak height intensity of all the x-ray lines. These values were compared with values obtained for the end-member (unsubstituted) compounds and also calculated by means of the Lazy-Pulverix computer program (9). Precision lattice parameters were obtained by the Debye-Scherrer method with a 114.6 mm dia. camera and filtered Cr Ka radiation standard least-squares methods were used. 

One might consider these to be design faults (apart from special date values which should be condemned as lazy programming practices). It is obvious that the cost to repair these errors in a later phase of the life cycle has increased immensely. Sometimes replacement rather than repair Is the more effective solution. 

In the complex plane, the impedance Z is represented by a vector, characterized by the modulus lAZI and the phase shift (j) (Figure 5.21). It is also possible to represent... 

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