Layered birnessite-type

Manganese oxide (MnOy is a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its natural abundance and high theoretical capacity [44,45]. Particularly, layered Birnessite-type manganese oxide (LMO), consisting of two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of edge-shared MnO octahedra, has... 

As the typical layered compound, MnO provides the open structure for conjugated-polymer intercalation [55]. The typical preparation methods for organic-intercalated MnO is complicated because of the fussy steps [55-59] (i) The layered manganese oxide (or Birnessite-type manganese oxide) A MnO (where A is K, Na, etc.) is first prepared by a soft... 

Birnessite (6-Mn02) Layered forms of Mn02 are often termed birnessite-type compounds, after the mineral birnessite. These compounds have a characteristic layered structure (Figure 19.5g), with an interlayer distance of approximately 7 Aand intercalated stabilizing cations such as Na" " or K" " and a significant water content. 

In the conventional precipitation and sol-gel routes, the resultant bimessite or buserite materials are usually Na type or K type, in which the cations are located in the interlayers, and MnOe octahedral units form the Cdl2-type structure in the layers. The stmcture and propaties of bimessite and buserite can be modified to load other cations, including alkali metals, alkaline earths, and transition metals, via two pathways. One pathway is interlayer substitution via ion exchange method at room temperature [14,22]. In this process, Na- or K-bimessite are stirred in a solution of dopants. Divalent metal cations, such as Mg ", Ni ", Co ", have been successfully ion exchanged with Na-birnessite mataials and used to prepare todorokite-type materials with tunnel stractures [22],... 

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