Lateral runout

Lateral runout Difference between the maximum and minimum measurements parallel to the spin axis at the widest point of each tire sidewall when the tire is mounted on a wheel. 

Expander-compressor shafts are preferably designed to operate below the first lateral critical speed and torsional resonance. A flame-plated band of aluminum alloy or similarly suitable material is generally applied to the shaft in the area sensed by the vibration probes to preclude erroneous electrical runout readings. This technique has been used on hundreds of expanders, steam turbines, and other turbomachines with complete success. Unless integral with the shaft, expander wheels (disks) are often attached to the shaft on a special tapered profile, with dowel-type keys and keyways. The latter design attempts to avoid the stress concentrations occasionally associated with splines and conventional keyways. It also reduces the cost of manufacture. When used, wheels are sometimes secured to the tapered ends of the shaft by a common center stretch rod which is pre-stressed during assembly. This results in a constant preload on each wheel to ensure proper contact between wheels and shaft at the anticipated extremes of temperature and speed. 

The pre-installation equipment inspection should include the following stuffing box space, lateral or axial shaft movement (end play), radial shaft movement (whip or deflection), shaft runout (bent shaft), stuffing box face squareness, stuffing box bore concentricity, driver alignment, and pipe strain. 

Runout Differential between the maximum and minimum lateral or radial forces. 

Statistical sampling of tires for durability testing, uniformity, and dynamic balancing this testing includes many of the development tests reviewed earlier such as conicity, radial runout, and lateral force variation. 

The multiple operational modes of the quadature hybrid make it the backbone of the balanced and runout combiners, which will be described later in this chapter. 

This volume not only brings a comparative description of presses, press drives, press controls, auxiliary equipment, and tooling, but also indicates details of design and calculation which are the result of practical experience. In order to limit the scope of this book, such auxiliary equipment as runout and cooling beds, extrusion pullers, materialhandling equipment, stretchers, bar breakers, cable take-up stands, wire coders, etc., has been excluded. Special presses as used for cold extrusion, extrusion of special alloys, etc., and steel extrusion presses will receive separate treatment in a later, enlarged edition. 

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