Large, automated, multipurpose

Once large-scale sample throughput is required, automated systems are needed for sampling and in some cases for preparation. Costs for this equipment are on par with traditional autosampler systems, and the base costs run 15,000 to 20,000. Additional accessories such as Peltier cooling devices and needle heaters can add an additional 5000. Multipurpose autosamplers are available that can perform standard liquid injections, headspace sampling, and SPME. 

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