Larderello geothermal fields

Cavaretta, G., Gianelli, G. and Puxeddu, M. (1980) Hydrothermal metamorphism in the Larderello geothermal field. Geothermics, 9, 297-314. 

D Amore, F., Fancelli, R. Panichi, C. 1987. Stable isotope study of reinjection processes in the Larderello geothermal field. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51, 857—867. 

Minissale, A. 1991. The Larderello geothermal field - A review. Earth Science Reviews, 31, 133-151. 

Ruggieri, G. Gianelli, G. 1995. Fluid inclusion data from the Carboli 11 well, Larderello geothermal field, Italy. In Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Florence, 18-31 May, 1087-1091. 

Case study The Larderello geothermal field, Italy... 

Fig. 4. Temporal variations in isotopic composition and gas/steam ratio (G/S) monitored in two wells (Wl, W2) of the central area in the Larderello geothermal field, located near the re-injection welt. Undisturbed pre-injection values (first point of each series, shown as large open circle) and flow rale of injected water (0 are also shown. I, II and III refer to the three re-injection periods considered.

Fig. 10. Zonation of the Larderello geothermal field derived from (a) gas analyses, and (b) stable isotope values of steam produced before and after re-injection. Distribution and characterization of geothermal subunits obtained by gas analyses have been established from a data set collected before 1989, that is, 6 years after the beginning of re-injection of waste waters. White zones represent areas that produce gas mixtures with almost the same composition as that of the original gases emerging at the surface before the exploitation of the field (Scandiffio et al. 1995). Dashed zones produce steam affected by addition of cold water (i.e., re-injected) to the geothermal system. The zonation from the isotopes was derived from an extensive survey performed in 1992. In Fig. 10b, different sources of cold water are discriminated. Abbreviations LRD = Larderello, CN = Castelnuovo, MR = Monterotondo, SS = Sasso Pisano, LGR = Lagoni Rossi, SR = Serrazzano geothermal subunits.

Bolognesi, L., Noto, P. Panichi, C. 1990. More mileage for isotope gas geothermometers the case of the Larderello geothermal field. Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, 14, 857-861. 

Cappetti, G., Giovannoni, A., Ruffilli, C., Calore, C. Celati, R. 1982. Reinjection in the Larderello geothermal field. In Proceedings International Conference on Geothermal Energy. BHRA Fluid Engineering, 395-408. 

Celati, R., Noto, P., Panichi, C., Squarci, P. Taffi, L. 1973. Interactions between the steam reservoir and surrounding aquifers in the Larderello geothermal field. Geothermics, 2, 174-185. 

Scandiffio, G., Panichi, C. Valenti, M. 1995. Geochemical evolution of fluids in the Larderello Geothermal field. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Florence, Italy, 3, 1839-1943. 

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