Langmuir-Blodgett-Schaefer technique

The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was successfully applied for the deposition of thin protein layers (Langmuir and Schaefer 1938, Tiede 1985, Lvov et al. 1991). LB organization of protein molecules in film not only preserved the structure and functionality of the molecules, but also resulted in the appearance of new, useful properties, such as enhanced thermal stability (Nicolini et al. 1993 Erokhin et al. 1995). 

The other method of monolayer transfer from the air/water interface onto solid substrates is illustrated in Figure 2. This method is called the Langmuir-Schaefer technique, or horizontal lift. It was developed in 1938 by I. Langmuir and V. Schaefer for deposition of protein layers. Prepared substrate horizontally touches the monolayer, and the layer transfers itself onto the substrate surface. The method is often used for the deposition of rigid monolayers and for protein monolayers, hi both cases the apphcation of the Lang-muir-Blodgett method produces defective films. 

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