Lambda configuration

Figure 9 Three-level atoms with dipole transitions 1,2>- 3) in the Lambda configuration. The dipole forbidden transition between two metastable states 1> and 2) are coupled to each other via microwave transition (a), or Raman transition (b), or two-photon transition (c) with effective half Rabi frequency Qo Another optical field is resonantly coupled to the dipole transition 2)- 3> with half Rabi frequency Qi. The two cavity fields 012 are amplified from Rabi sidebands on the dipole transition 1)- 3>.

To obtain hygienic combustion, it is essential to adjust the equivalence ratio 0 to an ideal value. This value characterises the ratio of the fuel quantity needed for a stoichiometric combustion to the fuel quantity supplied. In most of the common gas appliances, the air supply slightly exceeds the amount of air needed for complete stoichiometric combustion. The exact value for the surplus of air - often referred to as lambda (X) - depends on the configuration of the burner system in question. 

Spectrophotometric plate readers Perkin-Elmer s lambda reader, an automated microprocessor-controlled, microplate reader, offers the flexibility of configuring a reliable, user-friendly, versatile system, capable of accommodating a wide variety of assays requiring calorimetric measurement on microscale (<300pl) samples. These assays include ELISA, protein determination, cytotoxicity, cytoproliferation and antibody sensitivity testing. 

The Structure of Proteins. Phi Lambda Upsilon, Second Annual Lecture Series, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (February 1951) 13 pp. [51-19] Configuration of polypeptide chains. Nature 168 (1951) 550—551. (Linus Pauling and Robert B. Corey). 

Next we present the ease for three-level system in the Vee configuration as shown in Fig. 6. The master equation for the field-atom system has the same form as Eq. (11). Different from the Lambda system, the spontaneous decay in the Vee system occurs frxim two excited states 1 , 2 ) to a single ground state 3 ), the damping term in the master equation reads as L p = 2 3/P -... 

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