Lakes return current

Figure 2.6a shows the simplest pattern of water movement in a lake, caused by wind exerting a force on the water at the lake surface. The downwind surface current is called wind drift and t) ically moves at a rate of 2-3% of the average wind speed. Given that the water moving downwind cannot pile up indefinitely at the end of the lake, it must flow back upwind, commonly at a greater depth, as a return current. In many lakes,... 

The main environmental problems are due to the low quality peat. The drained peat is vulnerable to fires in the summer. Farmers are unable to control soil humidity in a way that enables raising crops on the one hand, but avoids soil decomposition on the other hand. Often, decomposed soil is removed by the wind or washed to the Lake of Galilee. As time passes, the valley is sinking, to a degree that has caused concern that the swamp will return. Fishing ponds and a second lake were later built in order to reduce this risk (Alon, 1996 Goren, 1995 Shacham, 1994). The current conclusion is that, unfortunately, the warnings of the experts proved to be accurate and the benefits of the project proved to be minimal. 

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