Water Lake Superior

LC50 static bioassay values for fathead minnows in Lake Superior water maintained at 18 to 22 °C after 1 and 24 to 96 h were 1,550 and 1.033 mg/L, respectively (Mattson et al., 1976). 

Eisenreich SJ, Capel PD, Looney BB (1983) Physical behaviors of PCBs in the Great Lakes. In Mackay D, Paterson S, Eisenreich SJ, Simmons MS (eds) PCB dynamics in Lake Superior water. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI p 141... 

Burniston DA, Strachan W (2001) Toxaphene in Lake Superior water and sediments, 1996-1997. Unpublished data. National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON... 

Poldoski, 3.E., 1979. Cadmium bioaccumulation assays. Their relationship to various ionic equilibria in Lake Superior water. Environ. Sci. Technol., 13 701-706. 

PCBs are transported through the environment in the vapor phase to Lake Superior. Let us assume that the flux to this lake is almost all due to rainfall, which has an average PCB concentration of 30 ng/L. The average depth of Lake Superior is 150 m, and the rainfall averages 80cm/year. Assume that everything has been at steady state over the last several decades and that the residence time of PCBs in the lake is 3 years. For the moment, do not worry about deposition of PCBs to the sediment of this lake. What is the concentration of PCBs in Lake Superior water ... 

Lake Superior water was used as the dilution water for all experiments by Andrew ( 2). A copy of the current analytical background for Lake Superior water. Table V, was obtained from the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth and was used in our speciation calculations. The water has a total hardness of V/ mg as CaCO, alkalinity of A2mg iT as CaC0 , and a pH from 7.4 to 8.2. ... 

Field MP and Sherrell RM (2003) Direct determination of ultra-trace levels of metals in fresh water using desolvating micronebulization and HR-ICP-MS application to Lake Superior waters. J Anal Atom Spectrom 18 254-259. 

Direct Filtration of Lake Superior Water for Asbestiform Fiber Removal, ... 

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