Lactose Lecithin

A model that is consistent with these observations of the action of trypsin and phospholipase A and with the discontinuities in the All-composition curves (Figures 2 and 3) is one in which the lipid monolayer is not a continuous palisade of uniformly oriented lipid molecules but rather an assembly of surface micelles. In this model, proposed by Colacicco (4, 5), the protein first comes into contact with the lipid molecules at the periphery of the surface micelles and then inserts itself as a unit between them. This is the basis for the generalized nonspecific interaction between lipids and proteins which results in increase of surface pressure. One may thus explain the identical All values obtained with films of lecithin and 80 mole % lactoside by picturing the lecithin molecules outside and the lactoside molecules inside the surface micelles. In this model lecithin prevents the bound lactoside from interacting nonspecifically with globulin and produces the same increase in pressure as with a film of pure lecithin. In the mixed micelle the lactose moiety of the lactoside protrudes into the aqueous subphase. Contact of the protein with these or other nonperipheral regions of the surface micelle would not increase the surface pressure. 

The above agents are delivered in a variety of forms. Their compatibility with various solvents (propellants, alcohol, water), liquids (glycerol, polyethylene glycol, oleic acid, sorbitan trioleate, lecithin), and solid (lactose) phase excipients is key to the chemical and physical stability of the products. The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients lists most of these materials.35... 

Dry Powder Systems Dry powder formulations are susceptible to a number of potential interactions. Since there is currently only one approved excipient, the drugs have to be compatible with lactose 4 In addition, dry powders are prone to moisture sorption, which can give rise to chemical degradation by hydrolysis or physical instability due to capillary forces.44 As other excipients, such as lecithin, are explored as excipients in dry powder products, a hydrophobic effect... 

Nature already produces the desired structures, and isolation of these components mostly requires only physical methods without chemical modification. Examples comprise polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, alginate, pectin, agar, chitin, and inuUn), disaccharides (sucrose and lactose), and triglycerides, lecithin, natural rubber, gelatin, flavors and fragrances, etc. 

Processes and products developed to produce industrial materials from renewable resources have been too numerous to record here. For competitive reasons — supply of raw materials and technical and economic considerations — some of the products have varied widely in industrial use. Major U.S. industrial consumption of renewable resources have recently included oils and fats (animal and vegetable) industrial alcohol (wheat, corn, grain sorghum) fibers (cotton lint, flax, hides and skins) paper (forest products) isolated proteins (milk casein, animal glues, soybean, corn) turpentine and rosin (naval stores) and other chemicals (monosodiiim glutamate--wheat starch and dextrin—corn lactose—milk molasses and pulp residues --sugarcane and beet tannin lecithin pectin furfural). 

Lactose Lactose Laevan Levans Laevoglucosan Levoglucosan Laevulinsaure Levulinic Acid Lanolin Lanolin Laurinsaure Laurie Acid Laurylalkohol Lauryl Alcohol Laurylamin Lauryl Amine Lavandindl Lavandin Oil Lavendelol Lavender Oil Lecithine Lecithin Leder Leather... 

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