Lactone ethers

Product 4]8, 19- Lactone Ether 6, 19-Ether 18,20j8 Lactone Ether ... 

Alkenes from p-oxygenated selenidesS /J-Phenylseleno lactones, ethers, and alcohols are converted into alkenes on treatment with ClSi(CHj)j and Nal in C HiCN. Hydriodic acid (formed by inadvertent hydrolysis) may play a role this acid cun effect this reaction, but in lower yield. This elimination thus reverses cyclo-(unclionali/ations induced by C6H5ScX (cf Na-NH3, 9, 26), and in addition provides a stereospecific route to alkenes by way of/l-hydroxv selenides. lixnmplc ... 

Lactones - ethers, y- and (5-Lactones can be converted into tetrahydrofuranes and tetrahydropyrancs, respectively, by a two-step procedure. The first step is the well-known reduction of lactones to lactols with DIBAH (1, 261 2, 140). The second step is deoxygenation of the alcohol with triethylsilanc and BF3 etherate.1 This reaction is compatible with several other functional groups, even including hydroxyl groups. 

Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2//-pyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidines are neutral or slightly basic acid binders in the preparation of esters, amides, lactones, ethers, and amines.460-465... 

The first isolation of the Lythraceae alkaloids from Decodon verticillatus (L) Ell was reported by Ferris in 1962 (2). Those were lactonic biphenyl alkaloids (type A) decinine, decodine, verticillatine, decamine, vertine, lactonic ether alcaloids, decaline, and vertaline. 

Oxidation of alcohols typically proceeds in 4-12 h giving excellent yields of carbonyl products. Chromyl chloride, C1O2CI2, like other Cr species, is a vigorous oxidant of organic compounds. It may be, however, tamed as a silica gel adsoibate. This reagent combination is also a good oxidant of alcohols, alkenes and alkynes, that will tolerate halides, esters, lactones, ethers and nitriles. The shelf life of the reagent t pears to be indefinite in the diy state. 

Nearly 1000 compounds have so far been identified in the volatile constituents of meat from beef, chicken, mutton and pork (6). The largest number of volatiles has been determined in beef and these were representative of most classes of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, lactones, ethers, sulfur and halogenated compounds as well as different classes of heterocyclic substances (Figure 1) namely furans, pyrldlnes, pyrazines, pyrroles, oxazol(in)es, thiazol(in)es, thiophenes were present in cooked meat flavor volatiles as shown in Table I. Many of these compounds are unimportant to the flavor of meat and some may have been artifacts (16). 

Allergent Activity T. parthenium Intact plant and/or extract Sesquiterpene lactones Ether extract and parthenolide Various plant parts and ethanolic extract Parthenolide 170,171,172,173, 177,178,179 41,174 175 180,167,168 176... 

Macro, K., Baltas, M., Zedde, C, Gorrichon, L., Jaud, J. Lactonization and lactone ether formation of nerol geraniol compounds. Use of C... 

The types of compounds presently known to donate a hydrogen atom to photoexcited quinones include aldehydes, primary and secondary alcohols, esters and lactones, ethers and thioethers, olefins having allylic hydrogen atoms, alkylbenzenes, benzene, and saturated hydrocarbons. This list is undoubtedly incomplete. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid, and -butyl alcohol react extremely slowly. 

An unusual method to prepare diethylene glycol with an alkyl side chain has been reported by Montanari and coworkers (Anclli et al., 1985). As shown in the following scheme, a-bromopalmitic acid was reacted to obtain a lactone ether that was reduced to form the diol. 

Treatment of dehydrooxoheteratisine (CD) with potassium tert-butoxide in feri-butanol leads to the y-lactone carboxylic acid, characterized as its methyl ester (CDXIV) [1787 cm i, (y-lactone), 1748 cm (cyclopentanone), 1728 cm i (C02Me, 1648 cm i (S-lactam)]. Its formation by cleavage of the initial retroaldol product (CDXII) to a S-lactone carboxylic acid (CDXIII) and subsequent isomerization to the y-lactone provides decisive proof for location of the tertiary hydroxyl at a position j8 to both the cyclopentanone and S-lactone carbonyls and four carbons removed from the S-lactone ether oxygen. 

The catalyst is compatible with a variety of functional groups including aldehydes, esters, nitriles, ketones, lactones, ethers, and methylene-interrupted double bonds. 

The most important secondary products formed during oxidation are those of lower molecular weight resulting from chain fission. Many aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, lactones, ethers and hydrocarbons have been identified. These... 

Some of the functional groups expected on carbon surfaces are carboxylic adds, phenols, quinones, lactones, ethers, peroxides, and esters (Fig. 11). Functional groups on carbon surfaces have been detected by such methods as polarography [63], titration [63-68], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [34], radioisotope labeling [34], and infrared spectroscopy [63]. Some of these techniques are discussed below. 

Various basic (nucleophilic) initiators can be used to initiate anionic polymerization, including covalent or ionic metal amides, alkoxides, hydroxides, cyanides, phosphines, amines, and organometallic compounds such as butyllithium. The polymerization is initiated by addition of the initiating species to the monomer, typically a vinyl compound with electron-withdrawing moieties. In anionic ROPs, cyclic monomers with electron-deficient carbon atoms such as amides (lactams) and esters (lactones), ethers (oxiranes), or Leuchs anhydrides are used as monomers (Scheme 13). 

These surface complexes comprise any organic intermediate containing oxygen like carboxylic anhydrides, lactones, ethers, etc. These intermediates can also be produced via the adsorbed active oxygen species derived from cerium peroxides or superoxides formed by NOg interaction ... 

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