Laboratory experiments emulating

We used a simple simulation program that was developed in our laboratory. The program simulates an FCS experiment, i.e., it emulates the behavior of an ensemble of particles diffusing in a volume irradiated by a laser beam with a defined spatial intensity profile. The particles can be either point-like or finite-sized and they perform both translational and rotational diffusive motion. The probability of displacement in time A/ is drawn from the known probability distribution ... 

A computer used with laboratory instruments is sometimes described as emulating or "simulating instrumentation. This terminology is misleading since it seems to imply that the computer is not really the instrument. It is easy to confuse this description with the idea of a simulated laboratory, where experiments are not actually performed but rather are simulated with software. It is more accurate to say that the computer with MBL hardware and software is just as real an instrument as an oscilloscope or light meter. 

Laboratory e q>eriments were conducted to emulate die evolutionary pathway between triA and atzA, which may have occurred in nature by generating variants that were intermediate in sequence. Site directed mutagenesis was considered to be too cumbersome, over SOO different mutants would need to be made to cover the sequence space between AtzA and TriA. For this reason, DNA shuffling experiments (48) were conducted. DNA shuffling produces a combinatorial library of clones, generating proteins having one, two, or three amino acid differences fixim each parental proteia The clonal library is subsequently screened to discover one or more desirable properties in the new enzyme variants. In this exanqile, a small chemical library was screened to test the breadth of the substrate specificity of each clone. Included in die... 

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