Krypton spectra

Parent spectrum after detection of krypton, argon and neon... 

On March 17, 1895, Ramsay wrote to Mr. J. Y. Buchanan, Crookes thinks its spectrum is new, and I don t see from the method of treatment how it can be anything old, except argon, and that it certainly is not. We are making more of it, and in a few days I hope we shall have collected enough to do a density. I suppose it is the sought-for krypton, an element which should accompany argon.. . . Before a week had passed, the new gas was shown to be identical with Lockyer s solar element, helium (21, 23, 24, 26, 52). 

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of triplet imidogen immobilized in a cryogenic matrix has not yet been observed. One negative attempt was reported in argon, krypton, and xenon matrices in 1967. It would seem to be worthwhile for a new attempt in a xenon matrix. 

The range of the gzz values is shown clearly by a comparison of the results for the NaY and NaX zeolites. Since the migration of Na+ ions is related to the presence of water (76), it is likely that the type of precursor (Na4)4+ -(H20)x complex formed after a proper degree of dehydration (278) will be strongly dependent on the pretreatment conditions. This will be reflected in the gzz values of the OJ produced during y irradiation by electron transfer from the precursor (278). It is also likely that the OJ can migrate after its formation as shown by Kasai and Bishop (264). These authors (272) have detected a superhyperfine interaction from Na nuclei (I = ) in the EPR spectrum of OJ formed in Na-reduced NaY zeolite and characterized by gzz = 2.113. This value is very close to those observed for alkalisuperoxides trapped in krypton matrices (Ref. 44, Appendix A). 

This complex is diamagnetic, indicating that the nickel atoms have attained the electronic configuration of krypton, and the infrared spectrum shows... 

Figure 28. Electron spectrum for collision system He -Kr at various collision energies. Broad distribution at low electron energies is a result of Penning ionization, and narrow peaks arise from atomic autoionization of krypton following excitation transfer from He to Kr.77...

Meter (metre) (preferred spelling in U.S. is meter) m 1650763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the orange-red line of the spectrum of krypton-86... 

In 1894 Ramsay removed oxygen, nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide from a sample of air and was left with a gas 19 times heavier than hydrogen, very unreactive and with an unknown emission spectrum. He called this gas as argon. In 1895 he discovered helium as a decay product of uranium and matched it to the emission spectrum of an unknown element in the sun that was discovered in 1868. He went on to discover neon, krypton and xenon, and realized these represented a new group in the periodic table. 

Shown in Fig. 7.9 is the 2-3 spectrum of neon-like krypton (Kr26+), with satellites [36] previous observations can be found in [8,28,37,38]. This is a composite spectrum obtained by scanning in wavelength during a sequence of reproducible Alcator C discharges [36], with a peak electron density of... 

Seventeen-electron species have also been found to form complexes with noble gases. For example, the two paramagnetic radicals RrMn(00)5 and [KrFe(00)5]+ have been detected by EPR spectroscopy by Morton, Perutz, and co-workers following the y-radiolysis of HMn(00)5 and Fe(00)5 in laypton matrices at 77 and 20 K, respectively (37). Evidence for the interaction of Kr with the unpaired electron on the metal center came from the observation of hyperfine couphng with a single Kr nucleus in the EPR spectra of these species. As an example, the EPR spectrum obtained from y-radiolysis of HMn(CO)5 in a matrix of krypton enriched to 42% in the isotope Kr (I = ) is shown in Fig. 5. The spectrum shows the resonances of the Mn(CO)5 radical with characteristic decets of satellites due to hyperfine interaction between the unpaired spin on Mn and a Kr nucleus. 

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