Kraft lignin process

Chakar.F. S.,and Ragauskas, A J. (2004). Review of currentand future softwood kraft lignin process chemistry. Ind. Crops Prod., 20,131-141. 

Consid - the Kraft pulping process shown in Fig. 8.8 (Dunn and El-Halwa, 1993). The first step in the process is digestion in which wood chips, containing primarily lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, are cooked" in white liquor (NaOH, Na2S, Na2C03 and... 

Lignins are most usually employed as various types of sodium lig-nosulfonate and are products of sulfite pulping. (Kraft lignins from the Kraft pulping process are also available.) They are used as dispersants, binders, sequestrants, and emulsifiers. Sodium lignosulfonate product variables include color, MW, and the degree of carboxylation and sulfonation on the lignin backbone. 

Kraft chemical pulp process, 13 94 Kraft lignins, 15 19-20 applications of, 15 19-20 Kraft paper process... 

Every year the U.S paper industry produces over 33 million metric tons of kraft lignin (1). Most of this biomass is burned as fuel but small amounts are used as binders, asphalt additives, or cement additives. Larger fractions of this waste would be used in other industrial or commercial processes if an economical way existed to convert lignin into a marketable product with sufficient profit margin to compensate for the loss of the fuel. 

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