Kocheshkov

Chemical Properties. The most impoitant reactions which tetraorganotins undergo are heterolytic, ie, electrophilic and nucleophilic, cleavage and Kocheshkov redistribution (81—84). The tin—carbon bond in tetraorganotins is easily cleaved by halogens, hydrogen hahdes, and mineral acids ... 

The most widely utilized reaction of tetraorganotins is the Kocheshkov redistribution reaction, by which the tri-, di-, and in some cases the monoorganotin hahdes can be readily prepared ... 

Prepa.ra.tlon, Triorganotin chlorides of the general formula R.SnX are the basic starting materials for other triorganotins. They are generally prepared by Kocheshkov redistribution from the cmde tetraorganotin ... 

The production of triphenyl tin hydroxide [76-87-9] and triphenyl tin acetate [900-95-8] start with triphenyl tin chloride, which is prepared by the Kocheshkov redistribution reaction from tetraphenyltin and tin tetrachloride. The hydroxide is prepared from the chloride by hydrolysis with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The acetate can be made directiy from the chloride using sodium acetate or from the hydroxide by neutrali2ation with a stoichiometric quantity of acetic acid. 

Prepa.ra.tlon, Diorganotin dichlorides are the usual precursors for all other diorganotin compounds three primary methods of manufacture are practiced. Dibutyltin dichloride is manufactured by Kocheshkov redistribution from cmde tetrabutyltin and stannic chloride and usually is cataly2ed with a few tenths of a percent aluminum trichloride ... 

Preparation ndMa.nufa.cture. Monoorganotin haHdes are the basic raw materials for all other triorganotin compounds and are generally prepared by Kocheshkov redistribution from the tetraorganotin, eg, tetrabutyltin or the higher organotin haHdes ... 

The alkylation of tin tetrachloride with organolithium compounds, Grignard reagents, or organoaluminum compounds remains the most common route to tetraalkyltins, and thence, by the Kocheshkov disproportionation, to the various organotin halides. 

Kocheshkov, K. A., Zemlyanskii, N. N., Sheverdina, N. I., and Panov, E. M., "Me-todi Elementoorganicheskoi Khimii. Germanii, Olovo, Svenets. Nauka, Moscow, 1968 (in Russian). 

Thoonen S, Deelman BJ, van Koten G (2001) Platinum- and palladium-catalysed Kocheshkov redistribution of dialkyltin dichlorides or tetraalkyltins with tin tetrachloride. Chemical Communications, 18 1840-1841. 

Nesmeyanov, A. N., and Kocheshkov, K. A., Methods of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Vol. 4. North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 1967. 

Kocheshkov, K. A. et al. Methods of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Nauka Publishers... 

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