Knowledge extraction utility

RuleMaker is a knowledge extraction utility for building and testing the decision logic contained within Radial modules. The logic is specified as a table of examples of correct expert decisions for each module. RuleMaker transforms each example set into an equivalent decision tree, and automatically generates the body of the module in the form of Radial code. System builders may also choose to enter Radial code directly, although they usually prefer to work with example tables. 

The problems relating to mass transfer may be elucidated out by two clear-cut yet different methods one using the concept of equilibrium stages, and the other built on diffusional rate processes. The selection of a method depends on the type of device in which the operation is performed. Distillation (and sometimes also liquid extraction) are carried out in equipment such as mixer settler trains, diffusion batteries, or plate towers which contain a series of discrete processing units, and problems in these spheres are usually solved by equilibrium-stage calculation. Gas absorption and other operations which are performed in packed towers and similar devices are usually dealt with utilizing the concept of a diffusional process. All mass transfer calculations, however, involve a knowledge of the equilibrium relationships between phases. 

The above extract like many passages in later alcliem-istic writings is obviously intended to impress the reader with the importance of the knowledge possessed by the writer and other adepts, aud does indeed convey the impression that these people were more or less familiar with chemical operations while conveying no definite information as to methods or applications that could be of practical utility to the reader. 

Many applications have been reviewed [5, 27, 68, 151—154]. The practical and theoretical aspects of SLM extraction from an analytical chemistry point of view are extensively presented therefore, they will not be described here. However, we would hke to present some examples to show that knowledge gained from basic studies on the liquid membrane transport can be utilized to solve practical problems in sample preparation. 

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