Knots figure

Fig. 11.40 Distribution of strain energy is two knotted polymer chains containing 35 (left) and 28 (right) carbon atoms. The strain energy is localised and most of the bonds immediately outside the entrance point to the knot. (Figure redrawn from Saitta A M, P D Sooper, E Wasserman and M L Klein 1999. Influence of a knot on the strenght of a polymer strand. Nature 399 46-48.)...

To examine the possibilities for knotted isomers in larger rings we note that two 5-fold knots (Figure 2) require 83 and 92 methylenes the three 6-fold -100, -102, and -105. Thus a Cioo cycloalkane might exist as one of -5 isomeric knots. 

Trefoil knot (-) Figure-8 knot Trefoil knot (+)... 

The knots in Figure 21 are all prime knots because they cannot be divided (factored) into smaller, nontrivial knots. Prime knots are the building blocks of composite knots and of links. Like prime numbers, which yield composite numbers upon multiplication, or like atoms in chemistry, which yield molecules upon combination, prime knots are the elementary units of knot theory. Composite knots are exemplified by the topologically achiral square knot and the topologically chiral granny knot (Figure 22). In each of these knots, a plane perpendicular to the... 

When plotted on the torus, the same trajectory gives. .. a trefoil knot Figure 8.6.5 shows a trefoil, alongside a top view of a torus with a trefoil wound around it. 

All six chains are held together by 29 disulfide bonds (Henschen McDonagh, 1986). The amino termini of all six chains are held together by 11 disulfide bonds in a region termed the central domain or the N-terminal disulfide knot (Figure 2). The A and B fibrinopeptides are also located at the amino terminal ends of the a and... 

Figure 3.1a Photography Library Figure 3.1b Oxford Scientific Films Figure 4.1 Associated Press Figure 4.2 Courtesy of The Sealed Knot Figure 5.1 Topham Picturepoint.

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