Kinetic roughening

In particular we would like to treat some essential effects of fluctuations where we assume that, for example, thermal fluctuations exist and are localized in space and time. The effects on large lengths and long times are then of interest where the results are independent of local details of the model assumptions and therefore will have some universal validity. In particular, the development of a rough surface during growth from an initially smooth surface, the so-called effect of kinetic roughening, can be understood on these scales [42,44]. 

The secondary and ternary islands will keep growing in approximately concentric fashion, thereby producing a conical structure above the original nucleation centers. This process of kinetic roughening supported by the Schwoebel effect makes a rather bumpy surface structure. Looking finally at a vicinal surface, this will grow rather smoothly when the width of the terraces is smaller than the typical distance between nucleation centers 4i (see below), and becomes bumpy in the opposite case [12,93]. 

J. Krug, H. Spohn. Kinetic roughening of growing surfaces. In C. Godreche, ed. Solids Far from Equilibrium. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1991. 

Fig. 3.3. Growth rate versus supercooling for two different face orientations. T is above its roughening temperature and is approximately linear. 2 is below its roughening temperature and is nucleation controlled at low supercooling but the growth rapidly increases after kinetic roughening...

M.C. Bartelt and J.W. Evans, Transition to multilayer kinetic roughening for metal (100)... 

All of us have probably seen impressive atomic scale micrographs of nearly perfect silicon or gallium arsenide crystals. These pictures convey the concept of a perfect surface perturbed by a set of relatively well-defined defects. Kinetically roughened... 

Kinetic Roughening. If the value of AG becomes of order kBT, which means In f xyxyy /(kBT)2, the nucleus size becomes about one growth unit. This implies that many nuclei form on the crystal face, which thereby becomes rough. The growth rate of such a face is thereby enhanced. Another... 

Krim, J. and Palasantzas, G., Experimental observations of self-affine scaling and kinetic roughening at submicron length scales, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 9, 599, 1995. 

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