Kinetic of association

Markwalder B, Gozel P and van den Berg H 1992 Temperature-jump measurements on the kinetics of association and dissociation in weakly bound systems N2O4 + M = NO2 + NO2 + M J. Chem. Phys. 

Careful measurement of tlie kinetics of association of a molecule witli a surface can also yield stmctural infonnation at tliis level of resolution [27], and lateral clustering and crystallization can also be deduced. This is described in more detail in section C2.14.7.2. 

Let us now consider the the reverse of the binary complex dissociation reaction that we just described. We now turn our attention to the kinetics of association between an enzyme molecule and a ligand. The association reaction is described as follows ... 

Three general approaches can be applied to the problem of solving the kinetics of association to obtain... 

Antibodies interact noncovalently with their target epitope, and the strength of this interaction is characterized by the kinetics of association and dissociation of the antibody. Antibody-antigen interactions are in principle reversible, and appropriate conditions must therefore be selected for a given antibody to bind with reproducible stoichiometry to its target antigen. Linkage of the antibody to an appropriate fluorochrome will mean that the number of antibody molecules bound will be reflected by the fluorescence intensity/cell. 

Fig. 34 Kinetics of association and dissociation for conventional and self-protected interactions, (a) Conventional scheme (Fig. 33a). Red lines and right axis represent temperature as a function of the elapsed time, while symbols and the left axis are the corresponding particle singlet fraction at fast (blue) or slow black) temperature quench. The insets show microscopy images of isolated or aggregated particles, (b) Self-protected scheme (Fig. 33c). Particle singlet fraction as a function of time at fixed temperature profile (red line), but at different overall particle concentrations for dilute colloids, intra-particle hybridization prevents aggregation, while at higher c the interparticle diffusion competes with hairpin formation. Adapted with permission from [140]...

K. Beatiy, J. Bieth, and J. Trivia. Kinetics of association of serine proteinase with native and oxidized aiftotonue inhibitor. J. BioL Chem. 255 3931 (1980). 

B14. Beatty, K., Bieth, J., and Travis, J., Kinetics of association of serine proteinases with native and oxidized alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3931-3934 (1980). 

The kinetics of association is fast. For example, the rate constant of association of free carbenium ions and anions is ass 108-10 ° mol - L-sec-, with the rate limited by diffusion. This rate constant varies with temperature and viscosity according to Eq. (68). 

Three approaches have been used to decrease the molecular weight distributions. One approach suppresses dissociation of ion pairs to free ions by adding salts with common counteranions however, this may cause a special salt effect [274]. Addition of a common ion salt shifts the equilibrium between ions and ion pairs toward the latter by mass law. (In spite of speculation to the contrary [275], the common ions can not influence the equilibrium between covalent species and ion pairs.) The kinetics of association is also affected because ion pair formation is a bimolecular reaction whose rate increases with increasing anion concentration, This decreases the lifetime of free ions. In such systems, kdeact in Eq. (68) should be replaced with the product of /cdeacl and deactivator [D] = [A ], in which the deactivator is a counteranion (DP ./DP = 1 + [l]0 p/ ([D] deacl)). 

KTTANO ISE Kinetics of Association between Polymer Latex Porticks 287... 

KITANO ISE Kinetics of Association between Pofynwr Latex Particles 293... 

It has been known for over 40 years that the renaturation of short guanine rich oligomers such as G3 is very slow. Absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to measure kinetics of association. In agreement with the seminal paper by Wyatt et who used size exclusion chromatography to study... 

We have summarized various time constants collected during this study (Figure 8) and the impact of a number of parameters on the kinetics of association and dissociation of these complexes (Table 2). This might be helpful for a variety of applications. Finally, one should emphasize the extraordinary stability of RNA quadruplexes, coupled with their relatively fast kinetics of association. 

Systematic kinetics of associative reactions of metal carbonyls [including clusters]... 

Figure 4.20. Strategies for optical detection of intrinsic DNA bends and kinks. (Top) The FRET approach. The energy transfer donor dye (open circle) is covalently attached to the 5 end of a DNA strand. The complementary strand is labeled on its 5 end with an energy transfer acceptor dye (closed circle). The measured energy transfer is a function of the dye-to-dye distance R and should be different for the double helical straight DNA compared with the double helical bent DNA. (Bottom) The noncovalent probe approach. A probe molecule (shaded circle) is allowed to bind to either straight or bent duplex DNA. Equilibrium binding constants or kinetics of association may be monitored via the spectroscopic properties of the probe.

In the barnase-barstar system, there is a selective pressure on the kinetics of association, the ribonuclease activity being lethal if expressed in the cell. The genes form an operon and, when both proteins are produced together in the bacterium, barnase must be either excreted or immediately inhibited by barstar. Unlike the selection for tight binding, which operates almost exclusively on residues at the interface, the selection for fast binding acts on all charged residues of the two proteins. 

AltobelH, G., Subramaniam, S. Kinetics of association of anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibody D44.1 and hen-egg lysozyme. Biophys. J. 2000, 79,2954-65. 

To establish that eIF4H by itself does not have inherent helicase activity. Half-maximal activity was achieved with about 0.11 pM elF4H, that is, about half of the concentration of elF4. Depending on the relative kinetics of association and dissociation, this result may suggest a stoichiometric 1 1 binding of the helper to the initiation factor. 

The phenomenon of kinetics of small gas molecules by which the high-temperature hydrogen-oxygen reaction yields its most important simplification is the third-order kinetics of association reactions at familiar gas pressures. The proportionality of the rates of reactions... 

Plastic-strain-induced changes in structure and the kinetics of associated evolutions of cp... 

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