Killing efficacy

This is the mechanism proposed by Datyner to account for CTAC antibacterial, and antifungal to a lesser extent, activity he reports [20]. Martins et al. invoke the ability of the surfactant to disrupt the cell membrane and form mixed micelles with its lipids to account for CTAB and SLS antibacterial activity [29], In contrast, the bacteria-killing efficacy of double-chain surfactants such as DHTDMAC is assigned to an alteration of the membrane protein function resulting from the adsorption of vesicles onto the bacterial membrane. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions (very low ionic strength), and the antibacterial efficacy of fabric softeners under realistic use conditions remains highly questionable. 

SAL also describes the killing efficacy of a sterilisation process. A very effective sterilisation process has a very low SAL. A SAL of 10 corresponds to the probabihty of not more than one micro-organism present in 10 (one million) sterilised tmits of the product. 

The authors claim a killing efficacy against planktonic cells also which seems to be a clear indication that the biocide must have been released into solution, as a remote biocidal effect of biocides covalently bound to surfaces conferred to suspended organisms is scientifically not understandable and it was not discussed by the authors. 

Sy, K.V., McWatters, K.H. and Beuchat, L.R. (2005a) Efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing Salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries . Journal of Food Protection, 68, 1165-1175. 

Connolly, G. and R.J. Burns. 1990. Efficacy of compound 1080 livestock protection collars for killing coyotes that attack sheep. Pages 269-276 in L.R. Davis and R.E. Marsh (eds.). Proc. 14th Vertebrate Pest Conf, Univ. California, Davis, CA. 

Vaccines No approved human vaccine is available in the United States. Killed and live attenuated human vaccines have been available in many countries, but are considered of unproven efficacy within the United States. 

The recommended treatment is doxycycline (200 mg/day) plus rifampin (600 mg/day) for six weeks. An alternative effective treatment is six weeks of doxycycline (200 mg/day) plus streptomycin (1 gm/day) for three weeks. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given four to six weeks is less effective. In 5 to f 0 percent of cases, there may be a relapse or treatment failure. Regarding prophylaxis, killed and live attenuated human vaccines are available in many countries but are considered of unproven efficacy. There tends to be no information on the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis against human brucellosis. 

Vaccines Yes (Greer Laboratory Vaccine). A licensed, killed vaccine is available. Initial dose followed by a second smaller dose one to three months later, and a third dose three to six months later. A booster dose is to be given at six, twelve, and eighteen months and then every one to two years. Please Note This vaccine may not protect against aerosol exposure. Live-attenuated vaccines are available outside the United States, but they tend to be highly reactogenic and without proven efficacy when challenged with aerosol dissemination. 

Antimocrobial Kill or inhibit Efficacy on targeted Pine oil 0-5%... 

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