Kidney renal corpuscle

Females fed diets for 12 weeks containing 80 mg Pb/kg ration (as lead acetate) alone or in combination with 8 mg Hg/kg (as methylmercury chloride), or 80 mg Cd/kg ration (as cadmium chloride), ora mixture of Pb, Hg, and Cd Renal corpuscles of ducks fed Pb, Fig, or Cd alone or in two-way combinations had minor ultrastructural changes when compared to controls. The diet containing all three metals caused marked ultrastructural changes in kidney 40... 

The main filtering units of the kidneys are called nephrons-, about one million nephrons are present in each kidney. Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a unit called a tubule. Blood carrying normal metabolic wastes such as urea and creatine moves through a portion of the corpuscle called the glomerulus, where a filtrate forms that contains water, normal metabolic products, and also waste products the filtrate collects in another unit called Bowman s capsule. Glomerular filtrate then moves into a highly convoluted and multifaceted set of tubes - the tubule - where most useful products (water, vitamins, some minerals, glucose, amino acids) are taken back into the blood, and from which waste products are collected as urine. The relative amounts of water and minerals secreted or returned to the blood are under hormonal control. 

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. It is made up of the Malpighian bodies or renal corpuscles (consisting of Bowman s capsules and the glomerulus), the proximal tubule, Henle s loop, and the distal tubule, which passes into a collecting duct. The human kidney contains around one million nephrons. The nephrons form urine in the following three phases. 

The kidneys receive the largest blood flow (22-24% of cardiac output) of any organ, relative to the percentage body weight they constitute (cattle, 0.24% horse 0.36% dog, 0.61%). The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which comprises a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman s capsule), proximal convoluted tubule, descending and ascending limbs of the loop of... 

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron (Figure 9.2). A human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. Each nephron is composed of an initial filtering component, called the renal corpuscle, and a renal tubule specialized for reabsorption and secretion of water, electrolytes, and other solutes. The renal corpuscle consists of a compact tuft of interconnected capillary loops called the glomerulus, and a balloon-like capsule, called Bowman s capsule, into which the glomerulus protrudes. The Bowman s capsule is found in the outer part of the kidney, the cortex. Essentially, the capsule is a sealed, expanded sac at the end of the tubule, the rest of which elongates into a twisted and looped tubule in which urine is formed. 

Located in the cortex of the kidney, the renal corpuscle is the first section of the kidney and is cmistituted of the glomerulus and the Bowman s capsule. The glomerulus is a capiUaiy network between an afferent and an efferent artery. The blood is filtered through the capillaries into the Bowman s capsule, which empties into the renal proximal tubule. 

Erythropoiesis (A). Blood corpuscles develop from stem cells through several cell divisions. Hemoglobin is then synthesized and the cell nucleus is extruded. Erythropoiesis is stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (a glycoprotein), which is released from the kidneys when renal O2 tension declines. 

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