Ketones IUPAC system

A few of the common names acceptable for ketones in the IUPAC system are... 

Exercise 15-15 How can D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-ribose be considered products of the addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone Name each of the carbonyl compounds by the IUPAC system. For the ribose carbonyl structure, determine the configuration at each chiral center, using the D,L system. 

Like aldehydes, ketones can be named using either the common system or the IUPAC system. In the common system, ketones names are created by naming the groups attached to the carbonyl carbon and then adding the word ketone. Following are several examples ... 

In the IUPAC system, aromatic ketones are considered benzene-substituted aliphatic ketones. 

Common names use the names of R or Ar as separate words, along with the word ketone. The IUPAC system replaces the -e of the name of the longest chain by the suffix -one. 

The longest carbon chain containing the carbonyl group is selected and numbered starting with the carbon atom nearest the carbonyl group. If substitutents are present on the main chain, they are indicated by number of the carbon atoms to which they are attached. The number of the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is added to the front of the ketone. The IUPAC system replaces the -e of the name of the corresponding alkane by the suffix -one. 

At one time it was customary to designate the products of addition of aicohois to ketones as ketals. This term has been dropped from the iUPAC system of nomencia-ture, and the term acetal is now appiied to the adducts of both aidehydes and ketones. 

IUPAC Rules do not describe this system, but do employ it in some examples of radical names (Rules B-12), and a similar principle can be used in naming ketones, imines, bivalent radicals, and some cations (see later). It is to be preferred on the grounds that it is less cumbersome than... 

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