Kerogen reactive

Two examples in which the solid itself is reactive are the shale oil retorts of Figure 17.29. Crushed oil shale is charged at the top, air and gaseous fuel at the bottom. When the shale moving downward reaches a temperature of 900°F, the kerogen decomposes into oil vapor, gas, and carbonaceous residue. There are many designs of pilot plant retorts, but the only commercial units at present are in the USSR and China. 

In Figure 1, an outline of the product recovery results from phenol-tosyl acid treatment of kerogen is shown. Product recoveries are high (183-193%). Our kerogens are much more reactive toward phenol than is coal. The recovered products were sequentially extracted with toluene, methanol, and pyridine. The... 

Kerogen The least reactive form of organic matter. In the context of S H studies, this is the organic matter residue following hydrofluoric and hydrochloric digestions. 

The calculated BDEs for reaction (23) and (24) are around 56 kcal/mol. As was suggested by many experimental studies (Freund 1992 Lewan 1998), most of the n-alkylaromatics and NSO functional groups are much more reactive (have much weaker bonds) and may enhance the over kerogen thermal cracking. Besides the much lower BDEs, the weak linkages may also generate radicals that are more reactive and hence will... 

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