Kerning

Kern, D. Q., Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950. 

Edited and translated by Li Kerning, Foreign Nonde.structive Te.sting, 1985, 5(2) (total 2215) 5-9. 

Guo B C, Kerns K P and Castleman A W Jr 1992tIbC[i -metallo-carbohedrenes a new class of molecular clusters Science 255 1411 -13... 

Hahn E, Kampshoff E, Walchli N and Kern K 1995 Strain driven fcc-bct phase transition of pseudomorphic Cu films on Pd (100) Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 1803... 

Brune H, Rdder H, Boragno C and Kern K 1994 Microscopic view of nucleation on surfaces Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 1955... 

Bell R C, Zemski K A, Kerns K P, Deng H T and Castleman A W Jr 1998 Reactivities and collision-induced dissociation of vanadium oxide duster cations J. Phys. Chem. A 102 1733... 

Vossen J L and Kern W (eds) 1991 Thin Film Processes II (San Diego, CA Academic)... 

Most heavy oil production is concentrated in California, Canada, and Venezuela. There is significant production of heavy oil in California from the Kern River field near Bakersfield and in Canada from the Cold Lake deposit in Alberta. Production generally involves steam drives, or the injection of steam into reservoirs through special wells in prescribed sequences. Oil—water mixtures are recovered, and often separated water is treated and reinjected. 

Unlike other natural resins, shellac [9000-59-3] is derived from the hardened secretion of the lac insect (species l ccifer (Tachardia) lacca Kerr (family Coccidae), also known as Kerns lacca (Kerr)). Shellac is a refined grade of the cmde lac secretion and is the most widely known lac product. Therefore, shellac has been accepted as the common generic term. Over 50% of the world s supply is produced in the Indian provinces of Bihar and Orissa, with the remainder originating in adjacent areas of southeast Asia such as Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, and Myanmar. 

For the general case, the treatment suggested by Kern (Pmcc.s.s Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950, p. 512) is recommended. Because of the wide variations in fin-tube construction, it is convenient to convert all film coefficients to values based on the inside bare surface of the tube. Thus to convert the film coefficient based on outside area (finned side) to a value based on inside area Kern gives the following relationship ... 

For liorizontal in-tube condensation at low flow rates Kern s modification (Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950) of the Nusselt equation is vahd ... 

Double-pipe exchangers are often piped in complex series-parallel arrangements on both sides. The MTD to be used has been derived for some of these arrangements and is reported in Kern (Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1950). More complex cases may require trial-and-error balancing of the heat loads ana rate equations for subsections or even for individual exchangers in the bank. 

The cases of multipass exchangers with liquid contimionsly added to the tank are covered by Kern, as cited earlier. An alternative method for all mnltipass-exchanger gases, including those presented as well as cases with two or more shells in series, is as follows ... 

Nonagitated Batches Cases in which vessel contents are vertically stratified, rather than uniform in temperature, have been treated by Kern (op. cit.). These are of httle practical importance except for t, slender vessels heated or cooled with external exchangers. The result is that a smaller exchanger is required than for an equivalent agitated batch system that is uniform. 

Purified via the mercury salt [see Kern J Am Chem Soc 75 1865 1953], which was crystd from benzene as needles (m 121°), and then dissolved in CHCI3. Passage of H2S gas regenerated the mercaptan. The HgS ppte was filtered off, and washed thoroughly with CHCI3. The filtrate and washings were evaporated to remove CHCI3, then residue was fractionally distd under reduced pressure [Mackle and McClean, Trans Faraday Soc 58 895 1962]. 

Fajdiga, M., Jurejevcic, T. and Kerne, J. 1996 Reliability Prediction in Early Phases of Product Design. Journal of Engineering Design, 7(2), 107-128. 

Figure 1 Condensing film coefficients. (By permission, D. Q. Kern, Process Heat Transfer, first edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1950.)...

Kern, Robert, How to Design Piping for Reboiler Systems, Chemical Engineering, August 4, 1975. 

Kern, Robert, Thermosyphon Reboiler Piping Simplified, Hydrocarbon Processing, December 1968. 

Usually, possible points of intermediate low pressure occur in the area of the vessel outlet (drawoff) nozzle. Kern gives some good rules of thumb on this point ... 

A vortex breaker should be provided for the vessel drawoff nozzle. Kern shows some types. 

Kern, Robert, C. E. Refresher Plant Layout, Part 3— Layout Arrangements for Distillation Columns Part... 

Branan, C. R., The Process Engineer s Pocket Handbook, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 1976. Kern, Robert, C. E. Refresher—How to Design Piping for Pump-Suction Conditions, Chem. Eng., April 28, 1975, p. 119. 

Kern, Robert, C. E. Refresher—Piping Design for Two-Phase Flow, C/ em, Engr., June 23, 1975, p. 145. Simpson, L. L., Sizing Piping for Process Plants, Chem. Engr., June 17, 1968, p. 192 (Vertical downflow example p. 203). 

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