Kelvin-Thomson relation

It is interesting that equation (4.88) is completely identical to the Kelvin Thomson relation for the saturated vapor pressure over a spherical par tide of the condense phase of the same substance. It is also important that expression (4.88) corresponds to an increase in the adsorption heat of the... 

Although J. J. Thomson is generally given credit for this model, the idea was apparently first suggested by the English mathematician and physicist William Thomson (better known as Lord Kelvin and not related to J. J. Thomson). 

Glbbs-Helmholtz relations 1.2.41, 1.2.15, 1.2.61, 1.2.78, 3.156 Gibbs-Kelvln equation see Kelvin equation Glbbs-Thomson equation see Kelvin equation glass,... 

The difference in thermodynamic equilibrium between crystals of different size is defined by the Gibbs-Thomson or Ostwald-Freundlich equation (Mullin 1993). The original Kelvin equation was written to describe droplets of liquid in a vapor in terms of vapor pressures around droplets of different size. However, in crystallization studies, the vapor pressure may be related, through the solution activity, to the equilibrium concentration in solution for crystals of different size, faking the assumption that concentration can be used directly fpr vapor pressure gives... 

The Seebeck and Peltier effects were shown to be related by Thomson (later Lord Kelvin). The relationship is ... 

Confusingly, but for understandable reasons, equation 3.58 is referred to in the literature by a variety of names such as the Gibbs-Thomson, Gibbs-Kelvin and Ostwald-Freundlich relation. For consistency, however, the designation Gibbs-Thomson will be used throughout this work. 

Using many independent methods, Joule determined the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy, or the mechanical equivalent of heat. Together with the physicist William Thomson (later Baron Kelvin), Joule found that the temperature of a gas falls when it expands without doing any work. This principle, which became known as the Joule-Thomson effect, underlies the operation of common refrigeration and air conditioning systems. 

This definition is called Kelvin relation. The second coupling describes the Thomson effect strictly speaking, with an integral coupling factor rand a differential factor f... 

That reciprocal relations noticed by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and others even during the last century. The early explanations of the reciprocal relations were based on thermodynamic reasoning that was not on a firm footing. For this reason. 

In the early 19th century (1803), Dalton proposed his atomic theory. In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro made clear the distinction between atoms and molecules of elementary substances, hi addition, the concepts of heat, energy, work, and temperature were developed. The first law of thermodynamics was set forth by Julius Robert von Mayer and the second law of thermodynamics was postulated by Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). Later in the century, Clausius, Ludwig Boltzmarm, and James Clerk Maxwell related the ideal gas law in terms of a kinetic theory of matter. This led to the kinetics of reactions and the laws of chemical equilibrium. 

A third thermoelectric effect, discovered by W. Thomson (1843), later Lord Kelvin, is also related to the Seebeck and Peltier effects. Thomson found that even in a conductor made of one substance, but with a temperature gradient, heat can be removed or added depending on whether the electric current and the temperature gradient coincide or point in opposite directions. 

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