Lake, karst

For example, lakes in drainage basins of easily weathered soils such as calcareous rocks (calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite) generally have high values of pH, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, and hardness. Such is the case for lakes located in cavities formed through the gradual dissolution of water-soluble rocks (solution or Karst lakes). On the other hand if the drainage basin is in an acidic rock basin (i.e., where silicates predominate and are difficult to weather), the water has an acidic pH, low alkalinity, and low total dissolved solids. 

Chebotarev, E.N., 1975. Microbiological hydrogen sulfide formation in the freshwater karst lakes Bol shoi Kichier and Chernyi Kichier. Microbiology, 43 939—943. 

Katz B. G. and Bullen T. D. (1996) The combined use of Sr/ Sr and carbon and water isotopes to study the hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lake-water in mantled karst. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 5075-5087. 

Travertine 1) Any finely crystalline massive concretionary limestone formed by surface or groundwater evaporation. 2) Any flowstone deposit, hence the usage travertine implying stalagmitic flowstone. 3) Any carbonate deposit formed within a cave or karst system by secondary precipitation. 4) Massive, hard, dense carbonate deposits formed in association with open-air springs, streams, lakes, or marshes that precipitate carbonate. 

A series of environmental problems, such as mining collapse, karst collapse, ground fissure, land subsidence and water pollution, are produced by coal exploitation in the subsidence area of the south lake, Tangshan city, which seriously affect the people s daily life and production. 

The analysis of spatial allocation of subsurface (cavities) and surface (sinkholes, collapse lakes hollows) of karst forms testifies their connection to certain forms of a buried relief of the irensky horizon roof (fig. 5). 

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