Kalle company

Sometime between 1930 and 1940, Oskar Siiss of the Kalle Company invented the DNQ/novolac resist system, spurred on perhaps by the motivation of combining the two functional groups involved in the azocoupling reaction of their blueprint chemistry into one molecule. ... 

In their search for higher-resolution resists and potential replacements for KTFR, lithographers tested many photosensitive coatings, one of which was the positive-tone printing plate material from the Kalle Company of Wiesbaden, invented by Oskar Siiss, and based on the DNQ-novolac resist system described above. This material turned out to be the first DNQ-novolac resist used in semiconductor lithography. 

In 1924 the German company Kalle Co. in Wiesbaden began production of blueprint paper, i.e. a diazo reprographic paper. In that process a sheet coated with a diazonium compound was exposed to an optical image and developed by diazo coupling using a mono-... 

Most of the companies already producing diethylene glycol terephthalate polymers have launched into the applications of polyester film to video and data processing, Hoechst through its Kalle subsidiary, ICI, Rhone-Poulenc, Du Pont, Japan s Toray, Teijin, and Toyobo, the latter in association with Rhone-Poulenc in Nippon Magphane. 

Attempts have been made over time to improve the physical properties of novolacs. The use of phenol formaldehyde resins prepared in alkaline medium in photoresist compositions is mentioned in a Kalle Co. AG patent. The use of polyvinyl ethers in combination with novolacs to impart stickiness and plasticization action to the latter was patented by Christensen. Steinhoff, Isaacson, and Roelants of the Shipley Company mention the use of vinyl ethers in a patent on roller coating. Lower alkyl polyvinyl ethers, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, and isobutyl, are added to novolac resins to improve coating flexibility and adhesion to metal surfaces as well as to improve resistance to mildly alkaline solutions. The use of styrene, methyl styrene, and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers in combination with novolac was mentioned in several patents of both Shipley and Kalle Co. AG. When novolac is copolymerized with maleic anhydride, a resin that is readily soluble in alkaline solutions is obtained. ... 

The companies of the "bigger I.G.", founded in 1916 (BASF, Bayer, Agfa, Farbwerke Hoechst, Casella Co., and Kalle Co. as well as the Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron und Chemische Fabrik vorm Weilerter Meer), produced in 1917 about 77% of the explosives in Germany. Bayer, with 39%, was the biggest producer. The turnover of the companies belonging to the I.G. increased from 559 million marks in 1913 to 1616 million marks in 1918, and for war material from 2% of the turnover to 46% in 1917. ... 

New York, ostensibly owned by two American-born men, William J. Matheson and Robert Shaw, but actually controlled from Germany. Matheson had represented Cassella in the United States at least as early as the 1880s. By 1914, his Cassella Color Company in New York had branches in Boston, Philadelphia, and Atlanta. So, too, Kalle Co., Bielbrich, had at the end of the nineteenth century set up a New York office, under the supervision of a German-trained color chemist. " ... 

Kalle Kallc Company Wie baden-8iebricl) (near Frankfurt)... 

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