Junction gap width

In agreement with the theoretical considerations above, the more reinforcing the CB the smaller the junction gap width. It is worth noting that a diene rubber with a molecular weight in the 200-400,000 g/mole range has a... 

Junction Gap Width as Calculated with Equation 5.25 for 20% Volume Fraction Carbon Black and Six Junctions per Aggregate... 

Flow is solved using electrical circuit theory, where airflow is analogous to current flow and flow resistance is caused by fabric permeability and Poiseuille flow resistance through the air gaps between fabric layers. Nodal analysis is used to solve sub-elements of the circuit and identifies each junction and KirchofTs current law is applied to conserve flow at each junction. The model can be modified to represent a complex variation in air gap width and complexities in clothing geometry and structures, such as seams. 

The inverse case also exists. With a light emitting diode (LED), an external voltage across the p- n junction will inject additional charge carriers (electrons and holes) into the interface region. If one electron and one hole combine with each other under annihilation, the band gap energy Eg is emitted in the form of a photon. Red LEDs are widely used in millions of specimens. The LED colour preferably depends on the width of the band gap. Blue LEDs (on the basis of gallium nitride) could be produced only late and after considerable effort. 

It is instructive to relate the width of the depletion region and the amount of band bending to the concentration of dopants on either side of the p-n junction and the energy levels they introduce in the band gap. From the discussion in the preceding subsections, we have seen that an acceptor impurity introduces a state whose energy Ues just above the VBM and a donor impurity introduces a state whose energy Ues just below the CBM (see Fig. 9.6). Moreover, in equiUbrium... 

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