Jump ratio

In his treatment, Sherman makes use of emission coefficients t that perform the function of the empirical k in Equation 6-4. Both quantities are proportional to. the product of absorption coefficient, of fluorescence yield and of (1 — 1/r), where r is the absorption-jump ratio involved (4.4). 

Table 2. Fluorescence Yields, w, and Absorption-Jump Ratios, r...

At low holdups, longitudinal dispersion due to continuous-phase velocity profiles controls the amount of mixing in the countercurrent spray column whereas at higher holdups the velocity profile flattens, and the shed-wake mechanism controls. Above holdups of 0.24, the temperature jump ratio is linearly proportional to the dispersed-to-continuous-phase flow ratio, and all mixing is caused by shed wakes into the bulk water and coalescence of drops. As column size decreases, it approaches the characteristics of a perfect mixer, and the jump ratio approaches unity (as compared with the value of zero for true countercurrent flow). It is interesting to note that changing the inlet temperature of dispersed phase by about 55°F hardly affected the jump ratio, probably due to the balancing effects of reduced viscosities and a decrease of drop diameter. 

As is displayed by table 4, the specific-heat jump ratios of CeCu2Si2 and UPtj do not seem to be considerably enhanced over the conventional BCS value, i.e., they are even smaller for most samples. In contrast, UBejj (Ott et al. 1983) shows an enhanced value of AC/yr = 2.4 (fig. 73). This is comparable to the value for Pb and has, likewise, been ascribed to strong-coupling effects (cf. Scalapino 1969). 

The disadvantage, of course, is the loss of quantitative information. Therefore, this technique is only used to discern real chemical changes from elastic contrast effects by comparing the result of the jump-ratio image to the elemental image. In general, it is useful to avoid zone-axis orientations in EFTEM work to limit elastic contrast effects. 

Veigle (1973) has given an empirical relation between K-jump ratio and the atomic number of the element... 

From K-jump ratio, one can obtain K-shell to total photoionization cross-section ratio. Again there is an empirical relation, given by Hubbel (1969) between K-shell to total photoionization cross-section ratio and atomic number of the element... 

Further, K-jump ratio and K-shell-to-total photoionization cross-section ratios are connected by the relation ... 

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