Judiciary supreme

The federal judiciary handles litigation on patents nearly exclusively. Theoretically, the same law governs all the judicial circuits. Where there is a conflict between circuits, as in the Kewanee case, sooner or later the U.S. Supreme Court can establish the controlling interpretation. Perhaps more in theory than in practice, the same decision should be obtainable in any U.S. district court. 

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The Judiciary powers shall be exercised by county courts and such other inferior courts as the legislature shall think proper to continue or to erect, by three superior courts, to wit, a Court of Admiralty, a general Court of Common Law, and a High Court of Chancery and by one Supreme Court, to be called the Court of Appeals. 

On the dangers of judicial activism by independent and unelected judges and Supreme Court Justices who view the Constitution. .. [as] a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they please. . . Independence can be trusted nowhere but with the people in mass. They are inherently independent of all but moral law. ... 

Johnson, Samuel, xvi, 585, 587 Johnson, William, 449, 450 Jones, Dr. Walter, 38 Judaism, compared to classics and Christianity, 265-70, 403-5 judiciary authority of Supreme Court over states, 453-7... 

Safety and health professionals should be aware that there are state courts as well as federal courts, and even specialty courts such as family law courts and traffic courts. Although the court name may vary, both the state and federal courts possess a hierarchy wherein each court decision can be appealed to a higher court by any of the parties involved in the actions. The highest court in most state judiciary systems as well as the federal judiciary system is the Supreme Court. For safety and health professionals who may be unfamiliar with their individual state judiciary system or the federal judiciary system, it is important to acquire a basic knowledge of the levels of the courts, namely, the specialty courts, such as tax court, the district or trial courts, where most trials take place, the appellate courts, and the state top court or the U.S. Supreme Court. 

Parliament has supreme authority. It may enact any measure, other than binding future Parliaments. It is not answerable to the judiciary. 

Out of this feudal system, which has itself many of the important features of a confederacy, has grown the federal system, which constitutes the Germanic empire. Its powers are vested in a Diet representing the component members of the confederacy in the Emperor who is the executive magistrate, with a negative on the decrees of the Diet and in the Imperial Chamber and Aulic Council, two judiciary tribunals having supreme jurisdiction in controversies which concern the empire, or which happen among its members. 

According to the constitution of Pennsylvania, the president, who is head of the executive department, is annually elected by a vote in which the legislative department predominates. In conjunction with an executive council, he appoints the members of the judiciary department, and forms a court of impeachments for trial of all officers, judiciary as well as executive. The judges of the supreme court, and justices of the peace, seem also to be removeable by the legislature and the executive power of pardoning in certain cases to be referred to the same department. The members of the executive council are made EX officio justices of peace throughout the state. 

The constitution of North-Carolina, which declares, that the legislative, executive and supreme judicial powers of government, ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other, refers at the same time to the legislative department, the appointment not only of the executive chief, but all the principal officers within both that and the judiciary department. 

It is curious to observe with what vehemence this part of the plan is assailed, on the principle here taken notice of, by men who profess to admire without exception the constitution of this state [i.e.. New York] while that constitution makes the Senate, together with the chancellor and judges of the supreme court, not only a court of impeachments, but the highest judicatory in the state in all causes, civil and criminal. The proportion, in point of numbers, of the chancellor and judges to the senators, is so inconsiderable, that the judiciary authority of New-York in the last resort may, with truth, be said to reside in its senate. If the plan of the convention be in this respect chargeable with a departure from the... 

XI-XV. The Supreme Court is an all-powerful, unelected, and despotic judicial body. There should be some popular check upon the federal judiciary. 

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