Magnetostriction Joule

With regard to the Joule magnetostriction, the lanthanide metals and lanthanide-iron intermetallic compounds have constituted very interesting systems for research. In 1971, A.E. Clark at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL), now Naval Surface Warfare Center... 

The pseudo-dipolar exchange interactions, which are anisotropic and vary rapidly with the increasing interatomic distance, are one of origins of the Joule magnetostriction. 

The crystalline electric-field (CEF) interactions are the principle origin of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. They cause a notable contribution to the (linear) Joule magnetostriction. 

Silvery metal, that can be cut with a knife. Terbium alloys and additives are widely used in optoelectronics to burn CDs as well as in laser printers. The pronounced magnetostriction (Joule effect) makes "terfenol-D" (terbium-dysprosium-iron) indispensable in sonar technology. The physics of the element appears to be more interesting than its chemistry, in which it is rarely used in catalysis. 

Materials that respond to electricity or magnetism were some of the earliest smart materials to be discovered. The British researcher James Joule (1818-89) found in 1842 that iron changes length in response to a magnetic field, a process called magnetostriction. Since electric and magnetic fields are easy to produce and control with precision, these smart materials can be extremely useful. 

British researcher James Joule (1818-89) discovers the magnetostrictive effect in a sample of iron that changes length in response to a magnetic field. 

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